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小型營造公司工程品質管理資訊系統便捷設計及應用－以建築工程為例
RAPID DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A QUALITY MANAGEMENT-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR HOUSING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
摘要
小型營造工程受限於資訊人力與經費資源，無法及時架設管理資訊系統，故於現地施工品質多以紙本記錄控管，累積時日再予整理歸檔。隨時代演進，紙本記錄文件已無法有效率地處理工程建案繁瑣的工序，而資料的存放和即時查核，長年已成為營建工程現地品質管理的問題之一，且在工程品質的查驗上因資料傳遞及審閱效率不佳，易導致工程估驗計價的時程延宕。因此，美國早在 1985 年提倡資訊運籌管理 CALS (Computer-Aided Logistic Support)的概念，將文件資訊電子化後，節省實體空間、加快傳遞速度也易於管理。有鑑於此，為減低系統開發複雜性，提升工程紀錄品質，本應用研究係依照營造業施行細則所定義營造業資本額門檻 300 萬以上丙等綜合營造業作為研究對象(以下簡稱小型營造公司)，以低營運成本的需求導向，建立工程品質查核管理資訊系統。該系統設計以開放原始碼 PHP 為主要開發程式語言、MySQL 為雲端儲存資料庫，WWW 網頁瀏覽器作為使用者介面。系統內的品管作業項目包含：工項自主檢查表、材料品質檢驗表、職業安全衛生檢查表、工程現地照片及影片上傳、新增自主檢查表、修改自主檢查表、刪除自主檢查表、檢查表覆核等。爰此，本系統優點為使工程人員能在任何地域，連接網際網路服務，隨時皆可上傳記錄至資料庫，以利日後的勾稽查閱。工程人員可依權限使用本系統，業主亦可登入觀看工程人員是否確實填寫表單、檢查合格狀態，落實工程品質的查核監控，進而維護工程品管水準。最後，本研究成果與一小型營造公司進行實測應用，以廠商目前施工建案之工程品質管理為例，依開發前後分別進行事前使用需求及事後滿意度調查，測試結果可如實提供小型營造廠在低開發成本下，亦能確保便捷設計系統符合工程品質管理之效益。
並列摘要
The quality management of construction sites conventionally involves the use of paper records, which are collected and archived. However, as times and technology evolve, paper records are no longer able to cover the massive amounts of data involved with construction projects; the said method also creates construction management-related issues such as the need of a large data storage space, slow data review speed, and poor construction quality check results (because of unfavorable data transfer and reception efficiencies). Therefore, in 1985, the U.S. introduced a document management concept called “computer-aided logistic support” (CALS), in which documents are “informatized” and “electronified” to save space, increase transfer speed, and allow easy management. To improve overall construction quality, this study adopted the concepts of document informatization and electronification as its basis and developed a quality management-based information system demanded by small and medium-sized construction companies. The said system used open source PHP as its main development language and MySQL as its storage database; the system was low in cost and informatized and electronified construction-based voluntary checklists (originally in the form of paper records) before integrating them into the system, producing a voluntary check and management-based information system. Such a system featured the following items and functions: (a) items: a construction-based voluntary checklist, a material quality checklist, and an occupational safety and health checklist; and (b) functions: upload construction photos and videos, add new self-inspection from, edit self-inspection form, delete self-inspection form, and review checklist. The system allows construction personnel to upload construction-related records into the system at any time and any place for future reviews. When granted authorization, business owners can also log in to the system to see whether construction personnel has dutifully completed the required forms and whether operations have been performed according to the standard. This enables personnel and construction quality to be monitored and operation standards to be maintained. Finally, we presented our system to a business owner to be used in practice. The said business owner is currently using our information system to manage the quality of his construction projects; a satisfaction survey is in place for the business owner to complete to determine whether our system is effective in managing and enhancing construction quality.