日本無家者的處遇－以名古屋熱田莊為例

Homelessness in Japan: A case study of the Atsutaso shelter in Nagoya

戴伯芬(Po-Fen Tai)

《輔仁社會研究》 8期 (2018/01) Pp. 1-25

摘要

本文介紹日本無家者政策經驗，說明日本地方政府如何確保無家者居住、工作以及人權，同時以日本名古屋的熱田莊為例，探究福利制度如何分流，對於無家者提供最低限度的文化與健康生活保護。對於有工作能力的無家者以協助其工作、改變觀念、回歸主流社會為目標；而對於無工作能力者則以提供基本生活需求以及健康保護為主。臺、日政府對於居住做為人權的認知與實踐差異，是兩地無家者福利措施最大的不同，由於缺乏住宅人權的概念，臺灣的無家者扶助僅流於殘補式的設施，雖然民間團體有許多創新方案，仍不足以因應未來高齡社會的貧窮問題。

關鍵字

無家者 ； 貧窮 ； 庇護所

並列摘要

This paper introduces the case of the Atsutaso shelter in Nagoya in the context of social policy developed for homeless people in Japan. To reduce the problems faced by homeless people, cooperative programs and strategies including local government and social welfare groups are implemented to assure the rights of housing, work and other basic human rights. The case also shows how local welfare establishes distinctions between different homeless people, and assures that minimum cultural and health protection are provided for homeless people and their families. Programs of employment and self-management are used to help homeless persons able to work return to society. Care programs are provided for persons unable to live independently to ensure their survival. The different kind of treatment for homeless people shows a different attitude to human rights in Japan and Taiwan. The lack of housing rights in Taiwan means that the homeless are subject to a mend-the-gaps model of welfare. Although Taiwanese civic societies have many creative solutions, they are insufficient to meet the problem of poverty posed by an ageing society.

並列關鍵字

Homeless People ； Poverty ； Shelter