『おくりびと』と『父後七日』、『お葬式』について－その葬儀から見る

本論文乃針對《おくりびと》、《父後七日》、《お葬式》所要呈現之日台喪葬儀式之傾向、內容以及背景進行分析，對照三者之差異，以求其適當之定位。最後得知，《おくりびと》所鋪陳的日本葬式中，協助往生者莊嚴妝容，踏上旅程的默敬儀式之段落，其所呈現之喪禮儀式較具內向性志向，顧慮死者自身及親族之觀感，乃是要透過納棺師表現納棺一環節之寧靜與莊嚴；而《父後七日》所反思的是道教流於形式、外部指向化之台湾傳統喪儀，其所呈現的喪禮是較具外向性志向，傾向顧慮死者親族與周環社會之觀感，乃是要透過道士反思台灣「做七」之複雜與現代喪禮之形式化；而《お葬式》則在凸顯治喪者對喪禮之處理態度，其所間接諷刺的是佛教僧侶讀經等日本葬儀之商業化。《父後七日》既非是「台版送行者」，也並非「台版《お葬式》」，乃勉強為《おくりびと》與《お葬式》混合台湾版。

關鍵字

おくりびと；父後七日；お葬式；葬儀

並列摘要

This paper is aimed at presenting the analysis result of funeral custom between Taiwan and Japan through the comparison of the trend, context and background displayed in Departures, Seven Days In Heaven and The Funeral and then find out their apposite postionings. The Japanese funeral ceremonies described in Departures focuses on how to clean, dress and apply cosmetics to the corpse so as to assist the dead being prepared for the departure. It reveals an inner intention of funeral which concerns more about the feelings of the dead and the bereaved families through the peaceful and divine encoffinment performed by nokanshi (encoffineer). On the other hand, the funeral in Seven Days In Heaven is a carnival-like one which concerns more about the feelings of the bereaved families and social perspective. It reveals an outer intention of the traditional Taiwanese funeral ceremonies and tries to introspect the formalization of ceremonies in Daoism from complicated procedures of Seven Day Rites After Death. However, The Funeral shows the attitude of mortician toward ceremonies and implies an indirect sarcasm to the commercialization of Japanese funeral ceremonies such as sutras chanting by monks of Buddhism. Seven Days In Heaven is neither a Taiwan verion of Departures nor Taiwanese style of The Funeral, but barely a mixed verion of Departures and The Funeral.