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助詞「bakari」歷助詞「bakari」歷史演變之考察－以限定用法為中心史演變之考察－以限定用法為中心
The Historical Development of the Particle ＂Bakari＂: With a Focus on its Restrictive Usage
摘要
本論文利用線上資料庫，大量地從日本文學作品中蒐集與分析了助詞「bakari」的用例，考察其限定用法之歷史演變。其結果，得知以下三點：①「bakari」並非限定助詞「haka」的語源，而「haka」之語源以「hoka」之說較為妥當。②「bakari」於平安時代獲得了非複數性的限定用法(相當於現代語「dake」)，至鎌倉室町時代又獲得了具複數性的限定用法；進入江戶時代，具複數性的「bakari」雖然用例顯著變多了，但是其成為表示限定的「bakari」之主用法則必須等到明治末期，而並非先行研究所指出的江戶時代。至昭和後期，表示限定的「bakari」大致上都具複數性意味，有些作品甚至完全被「dake」取代而不見非複數性的「bakari」。③容許他者存在之「bakari」的限定用法並非僅存於現代語，明治時代和江戶時代皆能確認其用例存在。
並列摘要
The present study culls and analyzes the various usages of the particle ＂bakari,＂ focusing on the historical development of its restrictive usage. The study has concluded on the following points: (1) Etymologically, the particle ＂haka＂ does not derive from ＂bakari,＂ but from ＂hoka. (2) Non-plurality restrictive usage of ＂bakari＂ occurred in the Heian Period, and evolved to include plurality restrictive usage later in the Kamakura Muromachi Period. During the Edo Period, though the plurality usage of ＂bakari＂ began to proliferate, the predominance of its restrictive usage had to wait till the late Meiji Period. During late Showa Period, restrictive usage of ＂bakari＂ mostly occurred with a sense of plurality, while its non-plurality usage has been completely replaced by ＂dake＂ in some texts. (3) Restrictive usages that make allowance for impurities do not occur in modern Japanese only; they can be ascertained to have occurred during Meiji and Edo Periods.