- 期刊
從〈李將軍列傳〉看司馬遷「愛奇」之藝術表現
Viewing the Artistic Expression of Sima Qian's ＂Like Peculiar＂ from ＂The Biographies of General Li＂
摘要
漢．揚雄曰：「子長多愛，愛奇也」。司馬遷「愛奇」的「奇」，指是奇特、奇異，同時也是珍貴、稀有、極為難得之意。《史記》不僅文章具有奇氣，《史記》的人物描寫也著重那些「扶義倜儻，不令己失時，立功名于天下」（〈太史公自序〉）、「古者，富貴而名摩滅，不可勝記，唯俶儻非常之人稱焉。」（〈報任安書〉）。司馬遷不以成敗論英雄，他要為仗義而行，為灑脫豪放、不受拘束的人作傳，使之立名於天下，如張大可所言：「司馬遷的好奇，是『傳畸人于天下』，他要塑造一系列人靈之精的奇行異行，謳歌英雄主義。」司馬遷愛奇才，形成《史記》中有許多可歌可泣的篇章。其中〈李將軍列傳〉是梁啟超選擇《史記》十大文學名篇的其中一篇。明代茅坤《史記鈔》說：「李將軍于漢為最名將，而卒無功，故太史公極意摹寫淋漓，悲咽可涕。」茅坤之語點出司馬遷的好奇與愛才。李廣一生為漢之名將，然不遇時，最終拔刀自刎，李廣有奇才卻終身不遇，李長之認為皆是司馬遷「一種浪漫精神之最露骨的表現」，同時亦是「司馬遷的浪漫性格之核心」。因此，本文擬就以〈李將軍列傳〉為對象，由從人物的不平庸，衝破規律的性格，與悲壯的結局來探索司馬遷愛奇的藝術表現。
並列摘要
Sima Qian does not judge heroes based on success or failure. He must act for justice, write a biography for free and unrestrained people, and make him famous in the world, as Zhang Dake said: ＂Sima Qian's curiosity is to pass on the abnormal people in the world. ＂He wants to create a series of strange behaviors of the essence of human spirits and eulogize heroism.＂ Sima Qian loves wizards, and there are many evocative chapters in ＂Historical Records＂. Among them, ＂The Biographies of General Li＂ is one of the top ten literary masterpieces selected by Liang Qichao in ＂Historical Records＂. Mao Kun's ＂Shi Ji Chao＂ of the Ming Dynasty said: ＂General Li was the most famous general in the Han Dynasty, and his death was ineffective, so Tai Shigong was very deliberate, and his sorrows were dripping.＂ Mao Kun's words point to Sima Qian's curiosity and love. Li Guang was a famous general of the Han Dynasty, but when he did not meet him, he eventually drew his sword and killed himself. Li Guang had a prodigy but never met him for life. Li Changzhi believed that they were both ＂the most explicit expression of a romantic spirit＂ of Sima Qian, and at the same time ＂the romantic character of Sima Qian.＂ core＂. Therefore, this article intends to take ＂The Biographies of General Li＂ as the object to explore the artistic expression of Sima Qian Like peculiar from the perspective of the characters' non-trivial, break-through character, and tragic ending.