- 期刊
- OpenAccess
運動牙醫學在菁英運動員口腔健康照護及運動表現之重要性
The Importance of Sports Dentistry in The Oral Health Care and Sport Performance of Elite Athletes
摘要
過去運動牙醫學主要關注接觸性運動項目的選手們，有關其口腔顏面外傷和口腔防護器的問題，然而，經由2008年北京奧運會、2012年倫敦奧運會、2016年里約奧運會期間的調查與研究發現，牙科醫療常是國家級或是國際級菁英運動員最須要的醫療服務之一。多數運動員表示，對於口腔健康不佳感到困擾，有近一半的人在過去一年中，未曾接受過牙科檢查或口腔衛生照護。有許多原因可能造成菁英運動員的口腔健康不佳，首先，他們於訓練或比賽過程中，經常攝取富含碳水化合物的能量食物、酸性食物或飲料，其中碳水化合物易導致齲齒問題是最為人熟知，而酸性食物和飲料則主要造成牙齒酸蝕。其次，因為劇烈的運動導致選手的免疫受抑制，進而改變唾液的成分，增加口腔不健康的風險。另外，菁英運動員常因訓練及比賽而容易有不規律的生活方式，而且多數缺乏維護口腔健康的正確知識。口腔健康狀況不佳對運動員的影響，包括疼痛的困擾、影響飲食和睡眠、降低生活品質與運動表現，甚而導致牙齒掉落。本文藉由彙整相關的國際研究成果，強調運動員口腔健康及運動牙醫師的重要性，希望加強人們對菁英運動員口腔健康問題的重視，除了教育指導運動員如何進行個人口腔衛生的維護外，強力建議運動員接受定期的牙科檢查。將運動牙醫學整合到運動醫學中，菁英運動員的口腔健康應會受到改善進而提升其競技表現。
並列摘要
In the past, sports dentistry mainly focused on the athletes of contact sports concerning the issues of oral and facial injuries as well as oral protectors. However, many surveys and researches conducted during the Olympics of 2008 in Beijing, 2012 in London and 2016 in Rio found that dental care was one of the most common medical services that athletes often needed. The majority of elite athletes reportedly concerned about their oral health, and nearly half of them had not had a dental checkup or oral hygiene care in the past year. There are many possible reasons for the poor oral health of athletes. First of all, frequent consumption of energy foods rich in carbohydrates, and acidic foods or drinks during training or competition. Dental caries caused by carbohydrate intake is one of the most well-known factors, and acidic foods and drinks are the main factors causing tooth erosion. Second, because strenuous exercises lead to immunosuppression, which changes the composition of saliva and increases the risk of poor oral health. In addition, athletes often have irregular lifestyles due to training and competition, and they are often lack of knowledge of how to maintain good oral hygiene. The impacts of poor oral health on athletes included pain, disrupted eating and sleeping, reduced quality of life and performance, and even tooth loss. This article summarizes the reports of relevant studies from international journals to emphasis the importance of athletes’ oral health and sports dentistry, hopefully, to strengthen people’s attention to the oral health issue of elite athletes. In addition to educating and guiding athletes how to carry out personal oral hygiene practices, they are strongly suggested to receive regular dental examinations. If sports dentistry can be integrated into sport medicine, the dental health and sport performance of the elite athletes would be improved.