- 期刊
- OpenAccess
診斷腿後腱肌功能與損傷之方法介紹
Diagnosis of Hamstring Function and Injury: Methodology Overview
摘要
腿後腱肌損傷的因子伴隨著許多因素，不適當熱身、熱身不足、柔軟度不足或過高、肌力不平衡、臀大肌力不足、疲勞及肌束長度不足…等，尤其在高速衝刺跑運動或急停改變方向運動中最為常見，透過本文將介紹，一、不同運動型態對腿後腱肌影響，（跑步運動、跑步運動中的重複訓練效應與下肢伸展的類型）、二、預測及診斷腿後腱肌損傷方法，（臨床測試與功能性現場測試），提供教練未來在訓練場域上能夠更明確針對腿後腱肌訓練方法以及評估手段，並納入個人訓練或週期化訓練計畫等，進一步加強需要有衝刺型、高爆發力、高速離心、反覆移動運動項目選手，針對該肌群訓練方針上的調整，並透過預處理熱身方式提高肌肉力量、僵硬度，進而提高運動表現並預防腿後腱肌損傷，而臨床上可以透過預測腿後腱肌損傷機率進行多層面的診斷手法，期盼透過文獻回顧方式傳遞腿後腱肌相關資訊，並且方便運動教練、防護員、體能訓練師及運動愛好者能夠在實務面上有更近一步認知，選擇適合團隊或個人的方式，無論是衝刺跑訓練、伸展運動、徒手檢測或運用運動科學相關儀器進行輔助，都能夠作為日後參考之依據。
並列摘要
Factors associated with hamstring injuries are accompanied by various elements, including inadequate warm-up, insufficient warm-up, lack of flexibility, excessive tension, muscle imbalance, insufficient gluteal muscle strength, fatigue, and inadequate muscle length. These factors, especially, are common in high-speed sprinting or rapid changes in direction sports. This article aims to introduce, firstly, the impact of different types of exercises on the hamstring (running, the repeated training effect in running, and types of lower limb stretches), and secondly, methods for predicting and diagnosing hamstring injuries (clinical tests and functional on-field tests). It provides coaches with a clearer understanding of hamstring training methods and assessment tools for use in future training environments, incorporating individual training or periodized training plans. This further strengthens the need for adjustments in training strategies for athletes involved in sprinting, high explosiveness, high-speed eccentric, and repetitive movement sports. Additionally, by implementing pre-treatment warm-up methods to enhance muscle strength and stiffness, it aims to improve athletic performance and prevent hamstring injuries. In clinical settings, predicting the probability of hamstring injuries can be done through multi-faceted diagnostic approaches. Through a literature review, this article aims to convey relevant information about the hamstring, facilitating sports coaches, trainers, physiotherapists, and sports enthusiasts to gain a deeper practical understanding. Whether it is sprint training, stretching exercises, manual testing, or the use of sports science-related instruments for assistance, these can serve as future reference bases.