賦權及削權氣候對滿意度、退出意圖之預測－教練－選手關係的中介效果

成就目標理論已經廣泛應用於探討選手運動中成就情境中的認知、情意與行為，Duda（2013）將成就目標理論結合自我決定理論所發展賦權動機氣候架構，作為解釋與預測運動動機、成就表現與相關行為的理論基礎。但對教練－選手關係相關研究甚少，本研究的目的在於將擴展探討教練賦權及削權氣候與教練－選手關係、滿意度與退出意圖之關係。採問卷方法調查308位高中甲級選手為研究對象，以皮爾遜積差相關了解相關情形，以多元逐步迴歸分析預測情形，以拔靴法驗證中介效果。結果發現賦權氣候與教練－選手關係、滿意度有正向相關且具預測力；削權氣候與教練－選手關係、滿意度有負向相關，預測退出意圖。中介效果方面教練－選手關係可部分中介影響賦權氣候與滿意度；教練－選手關係可完全中介削權氣候與退出意圖。本研究結論為選手知覺教練塑造賦權氣候時有利於教練－選手關係的提昇，並增進滿意度的發展；相反之，選手知覺削權氣候時會有較低教練－選手關係而負向影響選手的退出意圖。

關鍵字

教練－選手關係；成就目標理論；賦權動機氣候；中介效果

並列摘要

Achievement goal theory has been widely used to explore athletes' cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses in achievement situations. Duda (2013) developed the motivational climate framework by combining achievement goal theory and self-determination theory, which provides a theoretical basis for explaining and predicting sports motivation, achievement performance, and related behaviors. However, there is little research on the coach-athlete relationship. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between empowering and disempowering climates and coach-athlete relationship, satisfaction, and withdrawal intention. A questionnaire was administered to 308 high school volleyball player, and Pearson's correlation and multiple stepwise regression were used to analyze the data. Bootstrapping was used to test the mediating effects. The results showed that empowering climate was positively related to coach -athlete relationship and satisfaction and had predictive power, while disempowering climate was negatively related to coach-athlete relationship and satisfaction and predicted withdrawal intention. The coach-athlete relationship partially mediated the effect of empowering climate on satisfaction, and fully mediated the effect of disempowering climate on withdrawal intention. In conclusion, athletes' perceptions of coaches shaping empowering climate are beneficial to enhancing the coach - athlete relationship and promoting satisfaction, while perceptions of disempowering climate negatively affect the coach-athlete relationship and lead to withdrawal intention.