摘要
媽祖是世界各地普遍的民間信仰，海峽兩岸也不例外。本文主要聚焦在離島金門，採貝瑞岱比較教育研究法，試圖透過天后宮比較來解釋其特殊性，並找出地區媽祖宮廟特色。從地區10座天后宮調查研究發現三大特殊性、二大特色。首先在特殊性，位在金城鎮的南門《金門天后宮》是少數宗祠與宮廟共同奉祀者，特別是台中林氏宗廟與王氏新竹城隍廟。次則在時間上，位在金湖鎮的料羅《順濟宮》相較於臺灣、澎湖歷史更為悠久，遠比台灣台南安平開基天后宮（1662）早了400多年。最後從巡檢司城、鹽埕關係中，進一步發現，大金門「官澳」與小金門「上庫」，前者鹽埕位在親水公園，且曾存在巡檢司城，其《龍鳳宮》被列為縣定古蹟；至於後者，鹽埕現址位在陵水湖，雖無巡檢司城存在，卻是地區10座鹽埕之一。與官澳同樣存在巡檢司城且奉祀媽祖的尚有「峰上《天后宮》」。至於二大特色分別是天后宮楹聯，以及峰上《天后宮》乩童降乩走七星步其「祭蜂鄉俗」2018年被列為地方無形文化資產。前者，金門天后宮楹聯特色分別為：1.教化人心、2.神力的展現、3.護國祐民與4.源自湄洲媽祖。最後峰上《天后宮》，據2024年5月，從地區各座天后宮主任委員訪談發現，乩童僅存一位，位在峰上，且「祭蜂鄉俗」於2018年已被列為地方無形文化資產，是10座天后宮廟，唯一被列為無形文化資產者。
並列摘要
Mazu is a common figure in folk belief globally, with the two sides of the Taiwan Strait being no exception. This paper focuses on the outlying islands of Kinmen County, Taiwan, using Bereday's comparative method in education to elucidate the specific characteristics of Mazu temples in this region by comparing the characteristics of Tianhou temples where Mazu is worshipped. An investigation of 10 regional Tianhou temples revealed three major special characteristics and two major distinguishing features. First, in terms of special characteristics, the Kinmen Tianhou Temple at the south gate of Chincheng town is one of the few temples jointly used by ancestral and temple worshippers, with other notable examples including the Lin Family Ancestral Shrine in Taichung City and the Chenghuang Temple and Wang Family Ancestral Shrine in Hsinchu. Second, in terms of time, the Shunji Temple in Liaoluo, Chinhu town, has a history longer than that of temples in Taiwan and Penghu County, spanning earlier than the Founding Mazu Temple approximately back 400 years (established in 1662) in the Anping district of Tainan City. Lastly, from the relationship between town inspection offices and the salt field, it was further discovered that in Guan'ao of Greater Kinmen, the salt field is located at the riverside park and is the site of a town inspection office. The Long Feng Temple is classified as a place of historical interest to the county. In Shangku of Little Kinmen, the salt field is currently at the Lingshui Lake. Although there is no town inspection office, this is the only one of the 10 salt fields in the area. In Guan'ao, there is also the Fengshang Tianhou Temple, which has an inspection office where Mazu is worshipped. As for the two major distinguishing features of such temples, we discovered these to be the couplets hung on the walls of Tianhou temples and the Qixing Step used by spirit mediums at the Fengshang Tianhou Temple, which is a method of walking while making divinations. The local custom of "bee sacrifice" at the Tianhou Temple in Fengshang was classified as a local intangible cultural asset in 2018. In terms of the distinguishing features, couplets in Kinmen's Tianhou temples focus on the following key characteristics: 1. Educating the hearts and minds of the people; 2. Demonstrating divine power; 3. Protecting the country and its people; and 4. Originating from the Mazu Temple in Meizhou. Finally, we discuss the customs of the Tianhou Temple in Fengshang. In May 2024, interviews conducted with the chief committee members of each Tianhou temple in the region revealed that only one spirit medium remains. Located in Fengshang, the local custom of "bee sacrifice" conducted by the medium at this temple was listed as an intangible cultural asset in 2018, making this the only one of the ten Tianhou temples to have such a custom listed.