考古出土的漢代夫妻並穴合葬墓、同穴合葬墓論略

本文題為〈考古出土的漢代夫妻並穴合葬墓、夫妻同穴合葬墓論略〉。本文的研究主要是從漢代考古出土資料中，擇舉十一個墓葬的例子，並從十一個墓葬中的隨葬物品及壁畫、畫像石等內容，窺探漢代「夫妻並穴墓」與「夫妻同穴墓」的問題，進而討論漢代「夫婦一體」與「夫婦有別」的家庭觀及倫理傳統。本文認為，漢代從高官至庶民皆有實行夫妻合葬的現象，這應是漢代人們事死如事生、視亡猶存觀念的體現。漢代考土出土的墓葬數以萬計，然而對於考土出土的夫妻合葬墓則並無確切的統計數字。基於考土出土的墓葬多充滿偶然性，且本文所選擇、取樣的墓葬之例，也不免具有主觀性；是以本文僅是對於漢代夫妻合葬墓問題的初步研究，相信隨著對更多漢代夫妻合葬墓例子的討論與比較，吾人將會深化對於此一問題的認識。

關鍵字

漢代；夫妻合葬；墓室；並穴；同穴

並列摘要

This subject entitled ＂An analysis in archaeology about the Han Dynasty united in death of a husband and a wife in the same grave.＂This study mainly from the Han Dynasty in archaeological data about uniting in death of a husband and a wife in the same grave, the select eleven tombs give an example, It's the main point to explore the faith of the people whom they served the dead as they would have served them alive, and investigating the rocks with portrait-painting that how to show the functions of ＂public enlightenment＂ with the shrines, the features of ＂private emotion＂ for the tombs, the notion about ＂unity of husband and wife＂ and the traditional ethics of ＂the distinction between husband and wife＂ in the Han Dynasty. Based on examination of soil excavated from tombs more full of chance and choice herein, for example burial sampling, can not help but be subjective; this article is only a preliminary study for a couple burial tomb of the Han Dynasty, and I believe that with a couple of more Han Dynasty examples of joint burial of discussion and comparison, it will deepen the understanding of this issue.