不忍細讀的歷史縫隙：張烺《燼餘錄》與明末清初屠蜀紀聞

「大姨嫁陜二姨蘇，大嫂江西二嫂湖。戚友初逢問原籍，現無十世老成都。」為一首嘉慶間流行於成都的竹枝詞，具體寫照清初以來長達百年的「湖廣填四川」，這波移民潮在中國移民史上是極其沉重的一筆。而今張獻忠（1606－1647）屠蜀，已是川人世代相傳的集體記憶。四川在明清鼎革時，慘絕人寰景況，與兩都、江南相比，範圍之廣不及，程度之劇烈則過之。本文以「浩劫餘生」的蜀人張烺（1627－1715）及其《燼餘錄》為討論主軸，兼及其他倖存者之聲，再通過對照清代蜀人編寫蜀難之作，一方面窺探明季四川情勢；另一方面討論這類著述中地方敘事特徵，冀望以一個不同於兩都、江南地區的抗清視角，凸顯四川的區域研究意義，試圖對明清易代史和地方敘事，提供一個較不同以往的觀看視角。

關鍵字

明末清初；屠蜀；張獻忠；四川；《燼餘錄》；暴力敘事

並列摘要

＂My aunts married either a Shaanxi or a Jiangsu; my eldest brother's wife came from Jiangxi and my younger brother's wife from Huguang. When relatives or friends met for the first time, they would ask each other where you was from, and no none answered they were an old Chengdu＂. This is a Zhuzhi poem that was popular in Chengdu during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, which is a realistic portrayal of ＂Huguang people emigrating to Sichuan＂ for a hundred years since the early Qing Dynasty. This wave of immigration is an extremely heavy stroke in the history of Chinese immigration. Today, ＂Tu Shu＂(refers to the phenomenon of Sichuan's population decline caused by the successive years of battles in Sichuan by the leader of the Great Western Army, Zhang Xianzhong, the Qing Army and the Nanming Army)caused by Zhang Xianzhong(1606-1647)is a collective memory passed down from generation to generation in Sichuan. During the transition period of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Sichuan had a cruel situation, worse than two capitals and the region south of the Yangtze River, although the scope of the war is not as wide as them. This paper is intended to explore the situation in Sichuan during the late Ming period and also discuss the local narrative characteristics in this type of writing by mainly focusing on the discussion of Zhang Lang(a Shu native who was a survivor of a disaster, 1627-1715)and his work ＂Jinyu Lu＂ as well as the voices of other survivors, and then making a comparison with the works of the Shu disaster compiled by Shu people in the Qing Dynasty in expectation of highlighting the significance of regional research in Sichuan from a perspective of repelling the Qing Dynasty different from two capitals and the region south of the Yangtze River in order to provide a different perspective from the past for the history of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and local narratives. If we explain ＂ Analog poetry ＂ through ＂objective normative＂of stylistics, we can appear the value and meaning of ＂ Analog poetry ＂ in the Six dynasty.