- 期刊
論《海峽兩岸服務貿易協議》之法律性質
Comments legal nature of the ＂Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement＂
摘要
2014年3月18日學生占據立法議事廳的「318太陽花學運」，引起社會大眾對「服貿協議」的高度關注。「服貿協議」其法律性質究竟是法律？是行政命令？是條約？是行政協議？或是屬兩岸間特殊之文書協議？因其法規性質與位階定義不明，本文即針對「服貿協議」的法律性質作分析與討論。本文簡略介紹兩岸簽屬「服貿協議」的歷史背景，其次分析兩岸對所簽署相關協議其法規性質有不同的解釋，在實務上也有不同的運作方式。台灣行政院認「服貿協議」僅係屬行政命令，只須送立法院備查即可。立法院國民黨團則主張「服貿協議」是「準條約」性質，應經立法院以二讀程序完成審查，但不能作文字修改，只能包裹表決。社會公民團體、「318太陽花學運」學生則反對將「服貿協議」矮化為行政命令的位階，應在立法院作逐條逐項審查，可以作文字修改，或退回「服貿協議」，重啟談判。本文認為「服貿協議」其法律性質應屬「具有與法律或條約有同一效力之兩岸特殊文書協議」。
並列摘要
The Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement, also abbreviated CSSTA and sometimes alternatively translated Cross-Strait Agreement on Trade in Services is a kind of agreement between Mainland China and Taiwan, signed in June 2013. Currently this 'agreement' is not only unratified by the Taiwanese legislature but also severely criticized in Taiwan such as Sunflower Student Movement, occupying the Legislative Yuan to raise their concern about the trade accord, March 18, 2014 students occupied the Legislative Chamber of the ＂318 sunflower student movement＂, there is a need to take a closer look at this 'agreement': what kind of status is this 'agreement'. Specifically, is this 'agreement' a law, an order, a treaty, or an administrative agreement or even a special agreement between Mainland China and Taiwan? In this paper, I am going to clarify this controversial issue. Firstly, the two sides signed a brief description of the historical background of the case, ＂serving free trade agreement＂, followed by analysis of the two sides signed the relevant agreements which have different interpretations of the nature of legislation, in practice there are different works. Taiwan's Executive Yuan recognized ＂service trade agreement＂ only and belong to an executive order, only to send the Legislative Yuan for reference. Legislative Yuan KMT group advocated ＂service trade agreement＂ is the nature of ＂quasi-treaty＂ shall be subject to the Legislative Yuan to complete the second reading review, but you can not make. After different perspectives are stated, I will then clarify whether these agreements are laws, orders, treaties, or administrative agreements or even special agreements.