- 期刊
《平家物語》的人物造型與儒家思想
Character Style and Confucianism in The Tale of the Heike
摘要
日本平安時代末期由於皇位及公卿間的權力之爭，先後爆發了兩次戰亂，從此貴族日漸式微。源賴朝建立鎌倉幕府後，武士完全取代貴族，成為當代社會的主人翁，從前鮮少在文學作品裡出場的武士，亦成為文學家們描繪的對象。中世的文學裡出現了一種描寫戰亂，以武士為主角的新文類－「軍記物語」。而《平家物語》更是軍記物語中的代表作。《平家物語》除具有為平家一族鎮魂之意味外，亦含有為處於亂世的人們，尤其是武士們提供處世指南之機能。而其規範當代人物的準則，則是以儒家道德思想為依據，因此全篇作品除了具佛教思想的無常觀外，亦有儒家思想的身影，全篇作品具濃郁中國文化色彩。因此本文擬透過作品裡對主要人物清盛、重盛言行的描述來探討作者何以及如何擷取儒家思想，並因此具有何種成效，希冀藉此對《平家物語》與儒家思想之關連及其意義有所瞭解。
並列摘要
At the end of the Heian Period of Japan, power struggles for the throne and amongst the aristocracy led to war, after which the aristocracy declined. After Minamoto no Yoritomo established the Kamakura shogunate, the samurais completely replaced the aristocracy to become the contemporary pillar of society. The samurais, who had rarely appeared in literary works, now became the targets of writers' portrayals. In medieval literature there appeared a new genre depicting wars and making samurais the protagonists, called Gunkimonogatari. The Tale of the Heike is a masterpiece of Gunkimonogatari. Besides calming the souls of the Heike family, The Tale of the Heike also has the function of providing instructions to people in hard times - especially the samurais - for dealing with the world. Its standard for regulating contemporary figures was based on the moral thinking of Confucianism. Therefore, in addition to the Buddhist concept of impermanence, the work also contains elements of Confucianism. The whole work possesses a strong hue of Chinese culture. Therefore, this study intends to discuss why and how the author borrows from Confucianism and what effects there are through the portrayal of the words and deeds of the main characters, Kiyomori and Shigemori. It is hoped that some understanding concerning the connection between The Tale of the Heike and Confucianism and its meaning can be established.