- 期刊
從石井良助《日本婚姻法史》論上代至近世家制度對日本人論的影響
How the Historical Family System Shaped Nihonjinron: Book Review of Ishii Ryosuke's "History of Japanese Marriage Law"
摘要
為了探究家制度對於日本人論的影響，因此本文從石井良助的《日本婚姻法史》中分析上代、中世乃至近世家制度的建立與消解制度，與日本人論進行對話，試圖探究家制度是否構成了日本人論的執拗低音。上代日本以母系繼承制度為主，然而隨著律令制度的引入，日本逐漸由母系繼承轉變為父系繼承。在中世日本，婚姻制度受到律令制度的影響，從一夫多妻制轉變為一夫一妻多妾制。在近世日本，離婚的方式也多樣化，其中最為普遍的是由夫提出的三行半離緣狀。而妻則需要依靠緣切寺協調或是短期出家來離婚。由石井良助所整理的日本家族法演變，反映了日本社會結構和價值觀的變化。從中可見日本家族制度並非亙古不變，而是隨著時代的變遷，家族法不斷調整和適應，乃至近現代有土居健郎認為，日本人將國家和公司視為大家庭，透過組織中的依存關係縮短與他人的距離，都可見到日本家制度的持續演化。
並列摘要
To explore the influence of the "Ie" family system into Nihonjinron, this article analyzed the establishment and dissolution of the family system from Asuka-Nara Era to Meiji Restoration, as depicted in Ryōsuke Ishii's "History of Japanese Marriage Law." In Asuka-Nara Era, with the introduction of the Ritsuryō system, Japan gradually shifted from matrilineal to patrilineal inheritance. During Kamakura-Muromachi Era, marriage system was transformed from polygamy to monogamy with concubinage. In Edo Era, husbands could propose a contract for divorce, while wives often had to rely on temple to mediate or temporary ordination to divorce. The evolution of Japanese family system, reflects changes in Japanese social structure and values. It illustrates that the Japanese family system is not immutable but continuously adjusts and adapts with the times.