中醫學對失眠的成因、診療與保養介紹

在科技進步，生活壓大的時代，失眠是全世界常見的疾病，因此有許多人長期仰賴的安眠藥才能夠入眠，根據睡眠醫學會2017年的統計，失眠在台灣的盛行率約11.3%，年長者的失眠比率明顯增加、女性失眠比率高於男性。失眠（insomnia）是許多疾病的合併症，精神疾病如：焦慮症、憂鬱症、恐慌症、創傷症候群；腦神經疾病如：阿斯海默症、帕金森氏症、腦中風、腦腫瘤等；內科疾病如：氣喘、慢性阻塞性肺病、慢性疼痛、甲狀腺亢進、夜尿、胃食道逆流等……。許多的藥物也會有失眠的副作用，例如：中樞神經興奮劑，抗憂鬱劑，支氣管擴張劑、類固醇、利尿劑等……。本文經由探討相關疾病導致失眠的合併症，總結出失眠的病因病機，進行中西結合診療之研究，透過純中醫的治療方法，來降低患者對安眠藥的依賴性。

關鍵字

失眠；睡眠障礙；自律神經失調；安眠藥

並列摘要

The technological advancements and pressures of modern life have made insomnia increasingly common in our modern world. Many people become dependent on hypnotics to help them fall asleep. According to the Taiwan Society of Sleep Medicine statistics from 2017, the prevalence of insomnia in Taiwan is about 11.3%, with the elderly showing a significant increase and women showing a higher increase compared to men. Insomnia is a comorbidity and complication of many disorders: psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder; neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular accident (stroke), and brain tumors; and other internal medicine disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic pain, hyperthyroidism, nocturia, and gastroesophageal reflux. Additionally, many drugs also have side effects of insomnia such as stimulants, antidepressants, bronchodilators, steroids, and diuretics. This paper explores the common comorbidities of insomnia and the complications of other diseases that cause insomnia. The etiology and pathomechanisms of insomnia are presented, and diagnosis and treatment from both integrative Chinese and Western medicine and solely Chinese medicine perspectives are provided to effectively reduce patient dependence on hypnotics.