- 期刊
水質連續自動監測應用於農地污染之預警管理
Application of Automatic Continuous Water Quality Monitoring System to Forewarning Management for Farmland Pollution
摘要
由於我國事業廢污水排放系統與農業灌溉渠道系統未完全分離，而區域土地利用規劃未臻完善，部分灌溉渠道引進受污染河川或埤池之水，導致污染物質進入農業灌溉渠道系統，污染農地土壤與農作物。環保署遂於民國99年起以灌區的概念，擬訂農地重金屬污染潛勢篩選機制，找出全台高污染潛勢區域之農地並加以排序，重新啟動全國農地的調查作業，分階段逐步釐清各地區農地土壤污染情形。並已於民國100年起陸續依序針對台中市、桃園縣及彰化縣等部分具高潛勢之農地展開調查。近幾年由於主管單位對於水質監測需求急遽增加，且水質自動測報系統技術已日趨成熟，不同於過去傳統採用定期或機動式採樣的方式，水質連續自動監測設備可利用無線訊號技術，自動連續監測目標點位之灌溉渠道水質，並且在發現該監測地點有發生水質異常時，能即時回傳達到預警管理之需求。然其軟硬體設備需包含防水防塵、無線傳輸與低功耗運作等基本配置，以應付農地野外環境。另一方面，配合建置水質自動監測管理平台，即能即時監看監測站現場各項資訊、自動存取資料以及遠端進行各項設備之設定等，可大幅降低傳統定時定點採樣之人力耗損與採樣間隔盲點，期藉由如此新型態的農地污染溯源管理模式及架構，以科學化方式有效提高農地灌溉水質污染之預警管理。
並列摘要
As Taiwan's industrial waste water and sewage discharge system has not been completely separated from agricultural irrigation canals and the planning of regional land use is not to perfection, some irrigation canals still receive water from polluted rivers or ponds resulting in contamination of farmland soil through the use of water from the canal system. In 2010, Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration has established a screening mechanism for the potential assessment of heavy metal contamination to farmlands and to discover and prioritized farmlands with high contamination potentials, and restarted the farmland investigation program to clarify soil contamination of farmland in Taiwan by stages. Since 2011, the investigation program has been carrying out on certain farmland with high contamination potential in Taichung City, Taoyuan City, and Changhua County. In recent years, as the demand to authorities for water quality monitoring increased rapidly and the technologies in automatic water quality data acquisition and transmission gradually matured, the automatic continuous (or on-line) water quality monitoring equipment can continuously and automatically monitor water quality of the targeted irrigation canals with wireless signals that surpasses the regular or mobile sampling methods in cost and time. In addition, the technique can immediately report back for forewarning management when water quality is found abnormal in monitored locations and improves the decision in response actions. However, software and hardware equipment of the monitoring system should satisfy the basic functions needed, such as wireless transmission and low-power operation, and require better weather-resisting specifications to cope with farmland environment. On the other hand, the establishment of a water quality automatic monitoring and management platform, which can instantaneously monitor information from monitoring stations, automatically save data, and conduct the setting of all equipment remotely, can greatly reduce labor wastage and blind spots from sampling intervals as the traditional sampling limited at a fixed time and location. It is hoped that early-warning management for the pollution of irrigation water can be scientifically and effectively improved with the new management model and framework.