- 期刊
地下水新興污染物調查現況及管理方式研析
Investigation and Pollution Control Strategy Analysis of Emerging Contaminants in Groundwater
摘要
台灣行政院保境保護署自2001發布實施「地下水污染監測標準」及「地下水污染管制標準」已超過十年，近年來鑑於國際趨勢、國內產業發展變化迅速等考量，已於2013年正式公告發布修正前述兩項標準，然地下水污染監測及管制標準未來仍須持續辦理定期檢討及研修工作，以滿足實務需求及符合污染防治之精神。有鑑於現代科技的蓬勃發展，使用之化學物質也日新月異，為了使污染管制項目符合實際情況，本研究探討製程可能運作或產生新興污染物之事業，瞭解其廢水污染特性、事業製程、化學品使用情形和廢水處理方式，並透過現場勘查及兩階段地下水質調查，針對事業運作過程可能造成之地下水新興污染物污染潛勢，綜整調查結果，研析新興污染物地下水流布及傳輸現象，並將檢測結果回饋至地下水污染監測及管制標準之研修，本研究關切之新興污染物包含銦、鎵和鉬等微量元素、鄰苯二甲酸酯類塑化劑、壬基酚、雙酚A、多溴二苯醚類阻燃劑、抗氧化劑、界面活性劑、抗生素藥物類和非抗生素藥物類等。另為蒐集台灣本土化的潛在污染物清單、建立明確地新增列管篩選原則，本研究參考國內外相關研究報告、資料庫數據，建置其物化特性與毒理資料，而後依據各項污染物之特性因子及資料完整性進行污染物排序及篩選，目前已彙整163項潛在污染物，從中歸納出21項優先新增列管污染物名單，作為後續地下水污染監測及管制標準修正之決策參考。
並列摘要
Over a decade has passed since the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) announced the ＂Groundwater Pollution Monitoring Standards＂ and ＂Groundwater Pollution Control Standards＂ in 2001. With consideration to international trends and the rapid development of domestic industries in recent years, revisions to the two abovementioned standards were announced in 2013. Still, groundwater pollution monitoring and control standards will need to be periodically reviewed and revised in the future, so as to satisfy practical requirements and achieve pollution prevention. In light of the rapid developments of modern technology, as well as changes in the chemical compounds that are being used, this study examined domestic and foreign water quality management plans, so that pollution control items will be consistent with the actual situation. In this study, the industries that use or produce emerging pollutants were investigated to reveal the characteristics of wastewater, manufacturing processes, application of chemicals, and wastewater treatment facilities. From the site visits and two-staged groundwater quality assays of these factories, the possible contamination of groundwater and the distribution of emerging pollutants was illustrated. The results provide fundamental information for amending the monitoring and regulating standards for groundwater. The emerging pollutants of interest include the traced metals used in semiconductors (indium, gallium, and molybdenum), phthalate ester plasticizer, nonyl phenol, bisphenol A, polybrominated biphenyls, antioxidants, surfactants, antibiotic medicine, and other pharmaceutical residuals. On the other hand, this study is intended to compile a contaminant candidate list (CCL) for Taiwan and also to establish clear principles for adding items to the list of controlled contaminants. This study refers to domestic and foreign research reports and databases to establish physical-chemical and toxicology data, which serves as a basis for arranging and screening contaminants based on their properties and data completeness. At present, data have been gathered for 163 contaminant candidates, of which 21 have been added to the list of controlled contaminants. These additions will be provided to decision makers during subsequent revisions of groundwater pollution monitoring and control standards and will also be used for supplementary investigations of the contaminants of concern (COCs) and distribution of pollution potential.