並列摘要
The Four Good Roots (四善根 catus-kuśala-mūla ) are said to mean four kinds of the positions or virtues, which are ”the warmth” (煖), ”the peak ” (頂), ” the forbearance” (忍), and ”the 'highest worldly wisdom” (世第一法). The First, the 'warmth' stage(usmagata), or the stage in which one approaches the fire of wisdom and obtain the heat to scorch the afflictions. The Second, the peak stage (mürdhan) ,or the stage in which one accumulates virtues in order to reach the top. The Third, the forbearance stage (ksānti ) or the stage in which one understands the doctrine of the four noble truths and one can be patient with the world. The Fourth, the foremost stage of the worldly world (laukikāgratā), or the stage in which one will be a master at hand in this world. After one reaches this stage, one will enter the way of the insight into the truth and becomes a sage. In this article we will search ”The Four Good Roots” not only from ”Āgama” (阿含經), ”Abhidharmakosa-Bhasya” (毘達磨俱舍論) and ”Vijbapti-matratasiddhi-wastra (唯識三十頌) written by Vasubandhu one of the main founders of the Indian Yogācāra school and also finding the material from ”Vijbapti-matratasiddhi-wastra” (成唯識論) of Dharmapāla a Principal exponent of Yogācāra. From these sources above we will discuss the ”Four Good Roots” in their relationship to each other.