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多種地鐵站狀況之火災煙流情形
Smoke Propagation of Different Subway Station Scenarios
摘要
火災給現今社會帶來許多重大人員與財產損失。因此，社會各界也越來越重視火災問題以及防災措施。其中，地下建築物基本上可算是半封閉空間，一旦發生火災，其後果更是不容忽視，可能造成的傷亡是非常慘重的。本論文針對地鐵車站進行火災模擬及煙流分析，將各種不同的情況利用FDS煙流軟體模擬出實際火災可能發生的情況。本文針對不同火源的位置、火源的大小、列車進站狀況、地鐵站樓梯格局及防煙垂壁之加裝等實際狀況進行模擬與分析，希望分析結果可作為地鐵站逃生的參考，利於提高大眾運輸樞紐的安全性。在無列車進站時，煙霧會先往最靠近的樓梯口蔓延。若剛好遇到列車進站，列車活塞效應產生站內渦流，使煙霧與熱空氣流向列車進站側的樓梯口。挑高樓梯口轉彎處空間有助於自然排放站內濃煙與熱空氣，但在站內天花板加裝防煙垂壁著有助於增加逃生時間。
並列摘要
Fire has caused tremendous loss in lives and the properties. Therefore, fire related problems and the means of its prevention have gained more and more attention. Underground buildings basically can be approximated as a semi-enclosure with a limited opening. If a fire breaks out in it, its consequence will be tragic for it may lead to serious casualties. This work has simulated and analyzed different fire scenarios in a subway station using FDS.Variation of fire scenarios considered different fire spots, different fire sizes, whether if the train was entering the station, different staircase layouts, and whether are smoke screens installed. It is hoped that present results are helpful for the egress design of a subway station. Without an incoming subway, the smoke spreads toward the staircase closest to the fire spot. If a subway happens to enter the station, the piston effect the train produces induces a flow circulation in the station pushing the smoke to flow toward the staircase on the same side the train is entering the station. Increasing the height of the staircase helps the nature emission of smoke and the hot air from the station while the installation of smoke screen provides more time for evacuation.