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珍珠石顆粒結合泡沫系統對抑制大尺寸油槽火災影響之研究
Full-Scale Tank Fires Suppression by Using Combined System of Foam and Perlites
摘要
油槽火災為儲槽事故中最為常見且危險的事故之一，因油類儲槽一旦發生火災則難以撲滅，其燃燒面積較大容易產生強烈的輻射熱造成人員難以靠近搶救且鄰近儲槽所存放之燃料有被引燃之風險。且若撲滅後仍有相當大的可能性造成復燃，形成二次災害。而泡沫系統為目前抑制油槽火災最常見消防系統之一，但泡沫其耐熱效果不佳，容易造成復燃現象且為了使泡沫滅火效率提高，會在泡沫原液中皆添加大量氟化物等化學物質，造成生態環境汙染之疑慮。因此本研究之滅火實驗將參照UL 162之測試步驟來探討珍珠石顆粒是否適用於撲滅油槽火災之發生，及泡沫滅火系統與珍珠石顆粒結合後是否提升撲滅油槽火災之效果，並評估不同滅火系統撲滅油槽火災之機制。本研究發現當珍珠石顆粒撒下時會造成火焰被壓制並覆蓋燃料表面，使泡沫水溶液不會蒸發及飛散，提高泡沫到達燃料表面之總量，提供更好的降溫及覆蓋效果；而當實驗加入背板時，泡沫累積的速度將會增加，且能使泡沫充分的撒滿整個油盤，使其較不易造成復燃的情況發生；倘若在有背板的情況下延長泡沫噴灑之時間，可以充分的冷卻油盤及燃料，使其較不會造成復燃。
並列摘要
A novel fire suppression system, which combines foam and perlites was proposed. In order to evaluate the suppression performance of the system, the fire suppression efficiency with foam system, perlites and the combined system were assessed by using 1 m oil pan. Additional backboard was used to mimic a tank wall. The rate of foam spread on the fuel and perlites surfaces were measured. The re-ignition and burn-back resistance were tested in the full-scale experiment. The results illustrated that the foam, perlites and the combined system performed better than other two in different performance items. The foam system can extinguish the fires. However, second time re-ignition occurred in two of the three tests, and flames burned back soon. Additionally, the perlites system can almost extinguish the fires but some edge fires occurred, and performed good burn-back resistance. The combined system can extinguish the fires and performed good burn-back resistance. However, it cannot prevent re-ignition. Moreover, fire spread on the fuel surface was faster than that on the perlites surface.