國光劇團《快雪時晴》京劇與西方交響樂的「接合」與「跨界」研究

國光劇團與國家交響樂團於2007年合作製演的新編京劇《快雪時晴》，是臺灣京劇與交響樂團跨界的作品，在傳統京劇的基底結合交響樂、歌劇、合唱等西方元素，異質文化在不同的語境下，為傳統京劇帶來嶄新風貌，此劇在京劇本土化的意識形態下，以王羲之的《快雪時晴》帖敘事文本，開衍出臺灣在地，不同時期離散族裔以及跨越時空共敘的文本交織。本文章以新編京劇《快雪時晴》為分析範例，探究在傳統京劇的主體下，與西方交響樂所產生的接合（articulation）概念，探討此劇的音樂建構中，異質文化的對立、交錯構織所產生出新的文本意義，本文探究兩者之間的關聯，並探討京劇與西方交響樂接合、解接合與再接合的動態歷程，著重討論京劇與交響樂結合的音樂手法與元素互動，論述兩者之間的樂、韻協商。十年後（2017年）《快雪時晴》再度上演，在舞臺及視覺上結合了影像設計、水墨、膠彩、聲響等當代新媒體藝術，使得《快》劇不僅具備了中國戲曲傳統曲韻之美，更增添了些許現代感，成為臺灣戲曲表演史上的里程碑；視覺符碼與音樂符碼之間的聯繫，不同時序的文本再現，美學型態與科藝的轉變，本文從中將探討2007年首演、2017年再製版本與2021年筆者親臨演出之比較，解析跨界京劇的文本敘事、創作呈顯與美學轉譯。

關鍵字

《快雪時晴》；新編京劇；接合理論；異質文化；跨界

並列摘要

In 2007, GuoGuang Opera Company and National Symphony Orchestra collaborated on a newly-adapted Chinese Opera "Sunlight after Snowfall". It is the first crossover work between a Chinese Opera and a symphony orchestra in Taiwan. On the basis of traditional Chinese Opera, combining Western elements, such as the symphony, opera, chorus, etc. Heterogeneous cultures in different contexts bring a new look to traditional Chinese Opera. The Chinese Opera's distinct ideology has had a significant impact on this play, which draws on Wang Xi-Chih's "Clearing after Snowfall" to depict Taiwan's landscape and interweave various historical eras and disparate ethnic groups in a dialogue across different time and space dimensions. This study selects the newly-adapted Chinese Opera "Sunlight after Snowfall" as an authentic example, it aims to discuss the concept of articulation in traditional Chinese Opera and Western symphony to generate new meanings, what is the actual effect of combining the musical techniques of Chinese Opera and a symphony? This paper delves into the interplay between Chinese Opera and Western symphonic music, examining the dynamic process of their articulation, de-articulation, and re-articulation. Specifically, it aims to explore the ways in which musical elements interact in the combination of Chinese Opera and Western symphonic music, while also analyzing the musical and rhythmic combinations between these two forms. Re-performed ten years later, the new show introduces the stage and visual effects with contemporary new media art such as image design, ink painting, Eastern gouache, sound, etc. With the new artistic expressions, this drama not only has the beauty of traditional Chinese Opera, but also adds a little modernity, which becomes a milestone in the history of Taiwanese opera performances. This refers to the visual codes associated with musical notation, the representation of documentation from various historical time periods, and the evolution of aesthetic forms and technical arts. Furthermore, what are the new trends that distinguish it from traditional Chinese Opera? In addition, this study will also compare the 2007 premiere with the 2021 reenactments. This involves an analysis of the narrative structure of cross-disciplinary Beijing opera, its innovative methods of presentation, and the ways in which it translates aesthetic elements across different disciplines.