摘要
語言學家一致認為古漢越語出現在晚唐以前，可追溯至秦漢，零星且沒有系統的進入越南語。古漢越語深深的扎根在越南語裏已久，成為越南語裏不可分割的一部分，與純越南語幾乎沒有差別，因此常常被誤認為是純越南語。古漢越語的形成年代跨越上古漢語和中古漢語初期。上古漢語下限延至魏晉南北朝，而秦漢前後字形發生巨大變化，但語音上仍有密切的關係，因此我們可以利用字形和語音的變化來尋找並確定古漢越語的讀音。本文針對「壽」、「鑄」字的「□」旁補證「鑄」字在古漢越語是入聲字，讀為Đúc [duk^7]。本文從形聲字入手，觀察這些漢字的上古音與古漢越語的對音關係，初步說明古漢越語形成時期較早，而形聲字在其中扮演了重要的角色。
並列摘要
Linguists typically agree that Old Sino-Vietnamese appeared before the late Tang dynasty, and can be traced back to the Qin and Han dynasties, entering Vietnamese vocabulary sporadically and unsystematically. Old Sino-Vietnamese has been deeply rooted in Vietnamese for a long time and became an integral part of Vietnamese. It is almost the same as pure Vietnamese and so is often mistaken for pure Vietnamese. The formation of Old Sino-Vietnamese spanned Old Chinese and the early period of Middle Chinese. The lower limit of Old Chinese was extended to the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern dynasties. However, the Chinese characters changed greatly before and after the Qin and Han dynasties, while retaining a close phonetic relationship. Therefore, we can use the changes in characters and phonetics to find and confirm the pronunciation in Old Sino-Vietnamese. This paper intends to study the phonological element ＂□＂ in the characters ＂壽＂ and ＂鑄＂, and show that the word ＂鑄＂ was a checked tone character in Old Sino-Vietnamese, read as Đúc [duk^7]. This paper starts with pictophonetic characters and examines the corresponding phonetic relationship between the Old Chinese and Old Sino-Vietnamese of these characters. The paper then argues that the formation of Old Sino-Vietnamese was earlier, with pictophonetic characters playing an important role in this process.