- 會議論文
以維克多•特納的「社會戲劇」看《櫻桃園》
Victor Turner's "Social Drama" in The Cherry Orchard
摘要
《櫻桃園》是契訶夫的寫實劇作，反映當代俄羅斯的社會現況：貴族地主的沒落和資產階級的興起。劇中櫻桃園的主人麗□波夫揮霍無度又無理財能力，一從巴黎回來就面臨櫻桃園被拍賣的命運。新興的資產階級羅巴金建議麗□波夫把櫻桃園砍掉改建成度假別墅，但麗□好波夫拒絕了羅巴金的建議，並且坐以待斃。最後櫻桃園被曾是農奴的羅巴金買下，麗□波夫一家在砍樹聲中離開了櫻桃園。維克多•特納稱一個社會秩序的分裂、危機、修補、再整合或無法整合的過程為「社會戲劇」；「修補」則是「結構」、「反結構」的反覆過程。本文將以維克多•特納的「社會戲劇」理論來討論《櫻桃園》中「社會戲劇」的四階段過程，並以「結構－反結構」的勢力消長來看《櫻桃園》的喜劇性。
並列摘要
The Cherry Orchard is a realism play by Anton Chekhov. It reflects the social history of Russia: the declining of aristocracist and the rising of bourgeoisie. Liubov Andreyevna Ranevskaya who is the landowner of the cherry orchard in the play wasted money and had no ability of money managing. She has to face to the auction of the cherry orchard when she just came from Paris. Lopakhin who is a new capitalist class suggested Liubov to develop the cherry orchard into the summer cottages. But Liubov refuced the suggestion and do nothing to save her land. Finally, the cherry orchard was sold to Lopakhin who had been a serf at the auction. Liubov and her family left the cherry orchard at the sounds of slashing the cherry trees.The Cherry Orchard shows the Russian history of 19(superscript th) to 20(superscript tk) honestly. Victor Turner named the ”breach, crisis, redressive process, and reintegration or recogniton of irreparable schism” of a social order as a ”social drama”; ”redressive process” is a process of ”structure” and ”anti-structure”. This paper is to expound the four levels of ”social drama” and the rising and declining of social classes in The Cherry Orchard and to expound the comedy with ”structure and anti-structure”.