《題橋記》與《私奔相如》之比較－明初雜劇的相如文君故事

司馬相如（約西元前179～前118）與卓文君的愛情故事，自漢以來，便為人傳誦不已，唐詩、宋詞、小說、戲曲中都有他們的故事。現存最早的相如文君戲曲，當是明初雜劇的無名氏《司馬相如題橋記》與朱權《卓文君私奔相如》兩本，同樣是明初雜劇，但二劇卻有完全不同的劇作特色。《司馬相如題橋記》為宮廷藝人之作，排場熱鬧、人物眾多且內容具有濃厚的歌功頌德意味；《卓文君私奔相如》劇情相對清順，剪裁嚴謹，也反映了朱權身為藩王的思想與編劇技巧。本論文從體製結構、關目情節、思想精神、藝術特色等方面去分析比較二劇的差異，論述相如文君雜劇在明初的不同創作風貌。

關鍵字

司馬相如；卓文君；朱權；題橋記

並列摘要

Since Han Dynasty, the love stories of Sima, Xiang-Ru (179 B.C.-118 B.C.) and Zhuo, Wen-Jun have been widely read from generation to generation. Their stories could be found in the poems of Tang Dynasty, the Song Ci Poems, novels as well as Xiqu (the traditional Chinese Opera).The two oldest Xiang-Ru and Wen-Jun traditional Chinese poetic musical dramas that we know today are the ＂Sima, Xiang-Ru's Inscription over Bridge＂ writtren by an anonymou author and Zhu, Quan's ＂Zhou, Wen-Jun's Eloping with Xiang-Ru.＂ These two operas are both categorized as poetic musical dramas (Zaju) of the early Ming Dynasty; however, they had completely different drama features.＂Sima, Xiang-Ru's Inscription over Bridge＂ was a work of an court artist; therefore, its plot is full of fancy scenes and a lot of characters, with a strong sense of eulogizing people's virtues and achievements.＂Zhou, Wen-Jun's Eloping with Xiang-Ru,＂ in comparison, is relatively simple and refreshing with an accurate tailored story line, which exactly reflects the seignior status of the author, Zhu Quan, and his script writing techniques.This paper is to analyze these two poetic musical dramas in terms of their different aspects, such as their structures, plots, essences and artistic characteristics, and to discuss various styles and features in creating the poetic musical dramas (Zaju) of Xian-Ru and Wen-Jun during the early Ming Dynasty.