- 期刊
中國歷代繪畫中文人博古鑑賞活動與家具主從關係之研究
The Study on the Relationship between Litterateur Antique Appreciation Activity and Furniture from Paintings of Ancient China
摘要
本文是「中國歷代繪畫中生活行為與家具使用關係的研究」系列研究之一，文中針對歷代繪畫中文人博古活動與家具的使用情形進行考察，以瞭解文人生活行為與家具使用之間的關係，並探討各類家具之使用是否因使用者身分地位之不同，而存在著主從尊卑的禮制關係。本研究以125本畫冊中宋代至清代之間，與博古活動有關之40幅畫作為樣本，以其進行的形式作分類，考察博古場景、姿態和家具使用的關係，同時依畫中人物的主從關係將其分為「主者」、「從者」、「對等者」三種層次，探究其在家具使用上的異同。本文大致可歸納出下列五項結果：1. 博古形式，可依參與者和進行的方式區分為：博覽圖卷之「博畫」形式和博覽、鑑賞立體的古玩、器物的「博古玩」形式；在案例的分布上，以前者居多。2. 博古的場景多在戶外庭園中進行，特別是「博畫」，有6成以上的案例以庭園為背景。3. 博古的人物以具有對等關係之「對等者」為多，有7成以上的案例有對等關係的存在。4. 博古的姿態以端坐為多，其中「主者」與「對等者」皆有6成以上以端坐為主；相對的，「從者」則以站立為主。5 博古活動中，使用的桌案類家具，以條案形制的家具為主。另一方面，「對等者」所使用的坐具種類非常多樣化，自床榻類、椅類、凳類皆有；反之，「從者」以凳類為主，而「主者」則以椅類的家具使用為多。
並列摘要
This paper is one of a series of research on ”The Study on the Relationship between Litterateur Living Behavior and Furniture from Paintings of Ancient China”. In this paper, what types of furniture were used and what kinds of antique appreciation activity were made, which were investigated to understand their relationship. Moreover, whether the type of furniture is different from user's status and involves with the master-servant relation was discussed.Based on 40 paintings with antique appreciation activity from 125 paintings in the period from the Song Dynasty to the Ching Dynasty, these antique appreciation activities were categorized by behavior form to examine the relation of scene, posture and furniture Furthermore, the characters, by the master-servant relation, were classified into three levels of ”master”, ”servant” and ”coordinator” to analyze the difference and similarity on furniture using.Five results are concluded as following:1.According to participants and their activity, the form of antique appreciation activity can be classified into simple painting appreciation and cubic antique appreciation. From the statistic analysis, the former are majority.2.Most scene of antique appreciation is in outdoor garden. Especially, for the form of painting appreciation, the backgrounds over 60% cases are gardens.3.Most character of antique appreciation is ”coordinator”. Over 70% cases have coordinated relationship.4.Most posture of antique appreciator is sitting. Over 60% ”master” and ”coordinator” are sitting. Contrarily, most ”servant” is standing.5.In antique appreciation activity, most types of tables are side table. In addition, the types of chairs used by ”coordinator” are various, which are daybeds, chairs and stools. On the contrary, most types used by ”servant” are stools and most types used by ”master” are chairs.