- 期刊
目標難度與獎賞方式對高爾夫推桿準確性內在動機的影響
The Effect of Goal Difficulty and Reward Method on Intrinsic Motivation in Golf-Putting Accuracy
摘要
本研究之目的在：一、探討目標難度及獎賞方式對高爾夫推桿準確性內在動機的影響。二、驗證Deci的認知評價理論之預測－預期獎賞組的內在動機低於非預期獎賞組。受試者為景文技術學院234名女性，隨機分配到9組中，每小組人數為26名。測驗前先於推桿練習器練習20球，然後於正式測驗場地預練10球後正式測驗，每人測驗10球後依測驗給分量表計算其得分。以獨立樣本二因子變異數分析進行目標難度及獎賞方式對高爾夫推桿準確性內在動機的影響。並觀察各小組變項間的關係，若達顯著差異則進一步以杜凱氏法進行事後比較。結果發現：一、不同目標難度與不同獎賞方式在高爾夫推桿準確性內在動機無交互作用存在。二、不同目標難度對高爾夫推桿準確性內在動機沒有差異存在。三、不同獎賞方式對在高爾夫推桿準確性內在動機有差異存在，非預期獎賞的內在動機高於無獎賞。由以上結果得到以下結論：目標難度對提高受試者內在動機並無助益，非預期獎賞確可提高受試者內在動機。
並列摘要
The purposes of this study were: (1)to explore the effect of goal difficulty and reward method on intrinsic motivation in golf-putting accuracy. (2)to verify Deci's cognitive evaluation theory. The test subjects were drawn from 234 female students at Jin-Wen Institute Technology and were divided into 9 groups, tested with 3 levels of goal difficulty and 3 levels of reward method. Each group consisted of 26 subjects. The experiment was conducted by a 3x3 factorial design. The collected data thereby were analyzed by two-way ANOVA to detect the effect of goal difficulty and reward method on learning performance and intrinsic motivation in golf-putting accuracy. The Turkey HSD test was then required to do the post comparison after the significant difference was found among groups. Experimental results showed that: (1) there existed no difference in different reward method which affected the intrinsic motivation in golf-putting accuracy; (2)there existed significant difference in different reward method which affected the intrinsic motivation in golf-putting accuracy; (3)there existed no interaction effect in different goal difficulty and reward method. According to the test results shown above, conclusions could be drawn as follows: goal difficulty provided subjects with no assistance in intrinsic motivation, whereas unexpected reward did help enhance the subjects' intrinsic motivation.