台灣在戒嚴時期國民黨與地方派系的互動－以二林鎮地方派系的發展與選舉為例

戒嚴時期的國民黨地方黨部「民眾服務分社」，在地方上相等於地方行政單位的上級指導，甚至可以左右民間團體農會組織的人事，權力之大等同於「以黨領政」政治體制。其中，二林鎮的黨、政與地方派系發展，具體而微的反映了在國民黨的權威下，地方政治與派系發展的互動關係。國民黨來台以後，透過選舉機制，彰化縣形成紅、白、陳、林四大地方派系，其中，陳、林兩派發源於二林鎮。二林鎮的陳派與林派兩個地方派系興衰史的案例，印證了國民黨利用戒嚴統治操弄民主，掌控地方行政、分配派系利益以掌握地方派系政治人物的歷史經緯。從當地重要人士的口訪資料、二林鎮民代表會會議紀錄、《台灣日報》與《中國時報》的相關報導，揭露了國民黨如何以黨領政，操弄地方派系的過程，以及地方派系如何處理與國民黨的關係。本文將透過前述資料來探討戒嚴時期國民黨如何控制地方派系，以及地方派系在國民黨控制下的應對。

關鍵字

台灣；彰化二林；國民黨；地方派系；戒嚴時期

並列摘要

So-called Public Service Branch -the local chapter of Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT)-was once equivalent to the superior of the local administration unit during the Martial Law period. The organization and personnel of the Agricultural Cooperatives were even affected by the local chapters of KMT. Their power is just like a kind of political system whose state power is exercised by the political party. The administration of Erlin Township, public service branch of KMT and the development of its local faction specifically reflect the interaction between local politics and factions under the authoritarian power of Chinese National Party. The Chinese National Party retreated to Taiwan in 1949 and used the election mechanism to manipulate local factions; consequently, Chunghua county has developed 4 local factions-Red, white, Chen and Lin factions. Among them, Chen and Lin factions originated from Erlin township. The rise and fall of two Erlin factions exemplifies how KMT manipulates democracy by imposing martial law and controls local political figures by exerting its administration power, the distribution and allocation of the interests of local factions. The oral account of important local people, Erlin township representative council meeting minutes, and related-news reported by Taiwan News and China Times News have completely exposed how KMT exercises its party power to lead the government, revealed the process of their manipulating local factions and also showed us how local factions leaders deal with the relationship with the Chinese Nationalist Party. In this paper, KMT's manipulation of local factions and the response and countermeasures of local factions are discussed based on the above-mentioned information and resources.