逃離與回歸：《桑青與桃紅》及《綠島》中相異時代下的女性移動困境

本文欲討論以跨國移動為題的文學作品如何呈現女性的困境，藉由Gayatri Spivak的「與暴力結構協商」（negotiating the structures of violence）與Derrida的「增補」（supplement）兩概念，探討聶華苓《桑青與桃紅》（1976）及楊小娜《綠島》（2016）中女性主角的身分認同在移動中產生變化的原因，兼論作者相異的成長背景，使國家暴力本質差異與家庭存在的有無，成為影響兩部小說中女性主角的命運與認同差異之主因。《桑青與桃紅》描寫的國共內戰到白色恐怖、《綠島》中的二二八事件直至SARS，兩部小說儘管出版相隔四十年，但當中的女性主角在面對戰爭與國家政權威脅時，都不得不以持續移動當作抵抗手段，甚至跨越國境確保生存機會，也在與國家暴力對抗的同時，必須面對因女性身分而受到來自父權的宰制。

關鍵字

跨國移動；國家暴力；父權；《桑青與桃紅》；《綠島》

並列摘要

This study examines how the literature on migration presents women's plight, using Gayatri Spivak's ＂negotiating the structures of violence＂ and Derrida's ＂supplement＂ to investigate the reasons why the identity of the protagonist in Hua-ling Nie's Mulberry and Peach and Shawna Yang Ryan's Green Island changes in movement. The reason for the growth backgrounds of the author, the differences in national violence, and the existence of family make different destinies and identities of the two protagonists. Mulberry and Peach is written about the history from Chinese Civil War to White Terror, Green Island is written about the history from The 228 Incident to SARS, Although the two novels have been published 40 years apart when the protagonist in two novels faced wars and the threat of state violence, they resist the violence system through individual migration, and must face the patriarchy because of their female status.