- 期刊
滅鼠靈對七種非目標動物毒性之比較研究
Effects of Rodenticide Warfarin on Seven Non-target Organisms
摘要
滅鼠靈Warfarin對七種非目標動物：泥鰍(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)，大肚魚(Gambusia þalruelis)，蝌蚪(Buffo sp.)，淡水長臂蝦(Macrobrachium rosembergii), 水蚤(Daphuia sp.)，水蚯蚓(Tubifex sp.)，及渦虫(Dugesia japonica)等變溫動物都有極嚴重的影響，各種動物對本同濃度的致死率，都被試出，在96小時的試驗期中，各種動物100%致死濃度分別為：泥鰍90ppm，大肚魚160ppm，蝌蚪200ppm，淡水長臂蝦60ppm (24hrs)，水蚤200ppm，水蚯蚓300ppm，渦虫120ppm。除外各種動物在96小時之LC50濃度分別為：水蚯蚓230ppm，水蚤140ppm，蝌蚪160ppm，大肚魚140ppm，泥鰍80ppm，渦虫65ppm，及淡水長臂蝦58ppm(6hrs)，比較各動物之LC50濃度可見滅鼠靈對淡水長臂蝦的毒性最大，泥鰍及渦虫次之，而以水蚯蚓對滅鼠靈之忍受性最大。各種動物的LC50濃度都低於現今廣被使用之含臘毒餌塊內滅鼠靈之濃度0.025%-250ppm。在實驗過程中，觀察受傷渦虫的個體比正常個體對滅鼠靈的敏感度要大得多，同時滅鼠靈可使渦虫個體發生不正常的收縮現象及身體發生潰傷，濃度在50及25ppm時可以抑制渦虫的再生(Regenaration)，水蚯蚓及泥鰍等在死亡時個體均有流血現象，此項顯示滅鼠靈對變溫動物之影響，可能亦在於血液或體液之破壞。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
Rodenticide-Warfarin has significant effects on seven non-target poikilothermic animals, pond loaches (Misgurnus anguillicadatus), Mosquito fishes (Gambusia patrueils), tadpole (Buffo sp.), freshwater shrimp (Macrobranchium rosembergii), water flea (Daphnia sp.), fresh-water oligochaeta (Tubifex sp.), and planarian (Dugesia japonica). Mortalities v. s. various concentrations for 100% mortality on each animal are pond loaches, 90ppm; mosquito fishes, 160ppm; tadpole, 200ppm; shrimp, 60ppm (24 hours); water flea, 200ppm; fresh-water oligochaeta, 300ppm; and planarian, 120ppm. LC50 concentrations are fresh-water oligochaeta, 230ppm; water flea 140ppm; tadpole, 160ppm; mosquito fishes, 140ppm; pond loaches, 80ppm; planarian, 65ppm and fresh-water shrimp, 58ppm (6 hours). According to LC50 concentration for each animal, fresh-water shrimp is the most susceptible species to Warfarin among animals tested, pond loaches and planarian follow. Tubifex has the highest tolerance to Warfarin among seven organisms. All LC50 concentrations for experimental animals are relatively low. They are all lower than the concentration of Warfarin- 250ppm in Warfarin wax baits. The wounded individuals of planarian are more susceptible to Warfarin solutions than normal ones. The regeneration of planarian is inhibited at 50 and 25ppm of Warfarin solutions. The bleeding of dead pond loaches and tubifex indicates that Warfarin may also has some effects on blood and body fluid of poikilothermic animals.