金馬外島及澎湖離島法律地位之探討

海峽是位於兩塊陸地之間、兩端與海洋相通的一條天然的狹窄水道。臺灣海峽位於亞洲中國大陸與臺灣本島之間的狹窄水道，北界從福建平潭島到臺灣富貴角，相距約九十三浬；南界從福建東山島至臺灣最南端鵝鸞鼻，寬約兩百浬。南北約長二○五浬，東西平均寬度一○三浬，最窄的地方（海壇到新竹）七十八浬。自政府民國三十八年遷臺以來，兩岸在「默契」上以海峽中線為界，以劃分各自所屬海域，因澎湖離島位於海峽中線以東，相離臺灣本島較近，故稱「澎湖離島」。又金門、馬祖、東引、烏坵諸島位於海峽中線以西，故稱之為「金馬外島」，合先說明。臺灣海峽是兩面連接專屬經濟海域的可通航的非領海海峽。應為「供國際航行之海峽」（簡稱「國際海峽」）聯合國第四十九屆大會決議通過宣布一九九八年為「國際海洋年」，我國行政院且於八十八年二月十日公告第一批領海基線。線包括臺灣、澎湖，但尚未及於金門、馬祖、東引、烏坵等外島地區。中共宣布「中華人民共和國大陸領海的部分基線和西沙群島的領海基線」，雖未及於臺灣、澎湖，但已將金門、馬祖、東引、烏坵都涵蓋在內。故無論就國際海洋法制及兩岸法制而言，金馬外島及澎湖離島之法律地位，有待探討。對金馬外島我方雖有「實質管轄」，但就「法律管轄」而言，我方公布領海基線卻未納入，不無商榷餘地。澎湖離島我方有「實質管轄」及「法律管轄」。如何善用澎湖於臺灣海峽之優勢地位，避免他方為「軍事目的」的「擅自使用」共同海域，導致武裝衝突的發生，實為因應兩岸進入WTO後，兩岸面對國際經濟嚴肅競爭，必須和平相處，始能在經濟事務上共同努力協調合作的基本課題。

關鍵字

金馬外島；澎湖離島；法律地位；臺灣海峽；聯合國海；洋法公約；倫敦公約

並列摘要

Taiwan(Republic of China)and China(People’s Republic of China) have been at odds since Nationalist forces took refuge in Taiwan at the end of a civil war won by the Communists in 1949.This article is focused upon Legal Status of the outlying Islands Kinmen-Matsu and The Off-island Penghu. Island of Kinmen, just four kilometers (2.4 miles) from China＇s southeastern coast. Matsu is within sight of the mainland China. A boat ride from Matsu to Fujian takes only 90 minutes, compared with 12 hours from Matsu to the main island of Taiwan. Off-island Penghu. sitting in the middle part of Taiwan Strait is of good geographical location and strategic importance, For normalisation of bilateral relations, mutual good-will of both sides is the basis of lasting peace in the Taiwan Strait. The Legal Status of the outlying Islands Kinmen-Matsu is not clear but of the Off-island Penghu belongs to Taiwan. The author suggests that, Taiwan Strait is an international strait in accordance with the 1982 UN convention on the law of the sea and Taiwan, as a self-governing island, is entitled of the application of 1982 UN convention on law of the sea even Taiwan(ROC) is not a member of such convention.