中華人民共和國刑事第二審程序－從比較法觀點論起

實務運作，我國目前第二審採覆審制的訴訟架構。在導入當事人主義概念後，其合理性與必要性日漸受到質疑。中國刑事訴訟上訴制度，基本上雖然也是採取覆審制的上訴架構，但其內容與實際運作卻與我國完全不同。中華人民共和國刑事訴訟法第三編「審判」中，除了規範審判之組織外，定有四種審判程序，包括：（1）第一審程序；（2）第二審程序；（3）死刑復核程序；（4）審判監督程序。概略而論，第一審程序是由人民檢察院或自訴人之自訴而提起；第二審程序是由當事人提起上訴或人民檢察院提起抗訴而開啟；死刑復核程序是將死刑案件由人民法院依法主動向上級陳報復核以求慎重；審判監督程序則是各級人民法院院長對於已經發生法律效力的判決和裁定，如果發現在認定事實上或者在適用法律上確有錯誤時，必須提交審判委員會處理。本論即在論述大陸刑事第二審內涵與特色，並比較兩國法制上之差異。

關鍵字

上訴審；職權主義；當事人主義；審判制度；覆審制；事後審查審制；中華人民共和國刑事訴訟法

並列摘要

In practice operation, our country present second trial picks the trial de novo system. After inducting the adversary system, its rationality and the necessity receive the question day after day.China criminal prosecution appeals to the system, although basically is also adopts the the trial de novo system, but its content and the actual operation completely are actually different with our country.The People's Republic of China Law of Criminal Procedure third arranges ”the trial”, besides stipulates trial organization, but also stipulates four kind of trial procedure, including: (1) first trial procedure; (2) second trial procedure; (3) death penalty review procedure; (4) places on trial the monitor procedure .The summary theory, the first trial procedure is mentions by the People's Procuratorate, or the private prosecutor mentions; The second trial procedure is makes the appeal by the litigant to open, or makes the appeal by the People's Procuratorate to open; The death penalty review procedure is reexamines death penalty case, is in order to prudent; The trial monitor program is processing has the question decision, tries again by the Judicial commission. This discusses namely in elaborates the mainland criminal activity second trial connotation and the characteristic, and compares in both countries legal system the difference.