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數種非農藥物質在葉蟎防治上之應用
The Use of Some Plant Nutrients for the Control of Mites
摘要
本試驗乃從市面上選購十餘種植物營養劑及其他物質，測試該等物質對從作物上採回之二點葉蟎（Tetranychus urticae Koch）及神澤氏葉蟎（T. kanzawai Kishida）是否有影響。從菊花上採回之二點葉蟎於室內處理後3天，以富士4551 1,000倍處理組較佳，殺蟎率為88.9%，次為奶粉100倍混合酒精50倍。經7天之殺蟎率以奶粉100倍混合酒精50倍處理組較高，達81.4%。對玫瑰二點葉蟎成、若蟎之影響，處理後3天，以尿素200倍最佳，次為Politer 500倍、海藻精1,000倍及奶粉100倍混合酒精50倍，均比25% Bromopro- pylate E.C. 500倍之殺蟎率67.5%為高。經7天則以尿素200倍、海王星1,000倍二種較佳，殺蟎率在89.3～91.9%。在玫瑰園以殺蟎劑及植物營養劑單劑或混合方式，連續或輪流施藥3次，結果以第一次噴施尿素200倍，隔7天噴Action Reserch 1,000倍，隔7天再噴富士4551植物營養劑1,000倍之處理組，對玫瑰二點葉蟎之防治效果比施用殺蟎劑之處理區為優，防治率在76.6%～82.1%。在室內另測試糖醋液、醋、優利二號有機肥等物質對玫瑰二點葉蟎之影響，結果以優利二號有機肥之殺蟎率最高達86.3%，醋為75%，比25% Bromopropylate E.C. 500倍為優。對菜豆上神澤氏葉蟎之影響，處理後3天海藻精1,000倍、奶粉100倍混合酒精50倍，及尿素200倍三處理組之殺蟎率在78.8%～81.7%之間，與25% Bromopropylate E.C. 500倍近似。處理後7天，殺蟎率提高至90%以上者有富士4551 1,000倍、富士8331 1,000倍、甘露精1,000倍、蟎天清600倍及尿素200倍等5種，而奶粉100倍混合酒精50倍亦佳，與殺蟎劑25% Bromopropylate E.C. 500倍同為88.2%。由上述結果顯示施噴此類物質對二點葉蟎及神澤氏葉蟎之成、若蟎的確有不良影響，但作用較為緩慢。至於該等植物營養劑及其他物質對葉蟎之作用機制為何，則有待進一步探討。
並列摘要
A dozen of plant nutrient supplements and detergents were tested in the laboratory for their toxicity against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch and Kanzawa spider mite, T. Kanzawai Kishida collected from field crops. Three days after treatment, Fuji 4551 (plant nutrient supplement) at 1000-fold dilution gave a 88.9% mortality against the two-spotted spider mite from chrysanthemums, and a mixture of milk powder (100-fold) and alcohol (50-fold) was also effective. The latter treatment was more effective (81.4% mortality) than the others at 7 days after treatment. For the adults and larvae of two-spotted spider mite from roses, 3 days after treatemnt, urea at 200-fold dilution was most effective, followed by Ploiter (500-fold), seaweed extract (1000-fold), and a mixture of milk powder (100-fold) and alcohol (50-fold); all these treatemnt gave better control than 25% bromopropylate E.C. at 500-fold dilution (67.6%). After 7 days of treatment, urea (200-fold) and Neptune (a plant nutrient supplement at 1000-fold) gave 89.3-91.9% control of the two-spotted spider mite from roses. In a test of applying singly or in combination of miticide and plant nutrient consecutively and alternately for three times in rose gardens, a spray of urea (200-fold) followed by Action Research (1000-fold) and Fuji 4551 (1000-fold) at 7-day interval performed better than the miticide and gave 76.6-82.1% control of the two-spotted spider mites on roses. A laboratory test of the toxicity of sugar-vinegar solution, vinegar and organic fertilizer against two-spotted spider mites on roses showed that organic fertilizer Iou-lih No.2 and vinegar gave 86.3% and 75% mortality, respectively, a performance better than 25% bromopropylate E.C. (500-fold). Three days after treatment, seaweek extract (1000-fold), a mixture of milk powder (100-fold) and alcohol (50%) and urea (200-fold) gave a performance (78.8 - 81.7% mortality) similar to that of 25% bromopropylate E.C. (500-fold) against kanzawa spider mites from snapbeans. Seven days after treatemnt, Fuji 4551 (1000-fold), fuji 8331 (1000-fold), Gan-lu-jing (plant nutrient supplement, 1000-fold), Mann-tianching (carbohydrate solution, 600-fold) and urea (200-fold) all produced ＞90% mortality. A mixture of milk powder (100-fold) and alcohol (50-fold) was also effective and gave 88.2% mortality as 25% bromopropylate E.C. (500-fold) did. In conclusion, the tested plant nutrients appeared to have significant, though slow-acting, control effect toward nymphal and adult spider mites. Their mode of action remains to be investigated.