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Field Observation on the Use of Sex Pheromone to Control Spodoptera litura on Soybean in Indonesia
在印尼利用性費洛蒙防治大豆田斜紋夜盜蛾之觀察試驗
摘要
中華民國駐印尼泗水農業技術團由台灣省農業藥物毒物試驗所引進斜紋夜盜蛾性費洛蒙35,000支，於1989～1992年在印尼東爪哇地區進行田間觀察試驗與示範推廣，希望能引進並推薦此一生物防治技術給印尼之大豆農民，也盼能帶動台灣農藥企業進軍印尼市場。1989年旱季第二期作先於Jombang進行性費洛蒙與Dursban混用及僅施用Dursban二種處理方式之比較，發現大豆葉片之受害率都可控制在15～16%之間，但是性費洛蒙與Dursban混用處理較單用Dursban處理，可節省三次Dursban之施藥處理，有降低農樂成本之效果。1991年及1992年分別在Gresik，Lamongan. Ngawi與Jombang等四處進行田間觀察試驗，除Gresik為旱季第一期作（4～7月份）外，其餘均為旱季第二期作（6～9月份），由於Gresik是第一次施用，很可惜未調查誘殺蟲數，其餘三處均詳細記錄誘殺蟲數，全部觀測調查面積270 ha，每公頃用性費洛蒙三支，35天後更新一次，平均誘殺蟲數為417～615隻/ha，防治效果令人滿意，大豆平均產量在1,544～1,970 kg/ha之間。1992年於Jombang縣五個村進行每公頃設置2、4、6、8、10個誘蟲盒之比較試驗，每一處理2 ha，經計試驗面積50 ha，試驗結果 發現，誘蟲盒愈多，誘殺蟲數也愈多，誘殺蟲數從每公頃二盒之289隻直線上升至每公頃十盒之1044隻，效果極為明顯，而前五週之誘殺蟲數約佔總誘殺蟲數之77%以上，不受設置誘蟲盒數量多寡之影響。經濟效益分析指出，利用性費洛蒙確實可節省農藥費用，經調查54 ha 94個農戶之平均指出，平均農藥費用為Rp 44,976/ha，較對照區之Rp 65,204/ha為低，示範區之平均農家淨收益可增加15.7%。
並列摘要
The Agricultural Technical Mission-Republic of China to Republic of Indonesia (Surabaya) introduced a total of 35,000 lures of sex-pheromone from the Taiwan Agricultural Chemical and Toxic Substances Research Institute to test and demonstrate the use of sex-pheromone for controlling Spodoptera litura in soybean field in East Java, Indonesia. The field observation and demonstration activities were carried out in 1989-1992. The comparison test of pheromone + chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos alone was employed in 1989 at Jombang. Both treatments had very good results on the controlling S. litura, but the application of chlorpyrifos was decreased from 7 times to 4 times when pheromone was used together with chlorpyrifos. The leaf damage by insect was about 15-16% for both treatments. Large scale field observation test was conducted at Gresik and Lamongan in 1991, and Ngawi and Jombang in 1992 with a total acreage of about 270 ha. Three sex-pheromone traps were installed one week after seeding and renewed about 35 days later. An average of 417-615 insect/ha were attracted and killed by these sex-pheromone traps. About 65-75% of insects were captured in the first 5 weeks after sex-pheromone trap installment. The test on the effects of number of traps was employed in 1992 at Jombang. It was found that the insects killed increased from 289 insect/ha in the treatment of 2 trap/ha to 1044 insect/ha in the treatment of 10 trap/ha. The economic analysis also indicated that the use of sex-pheromone could significantly reduce the input of pesticides on soybean production. The cost of pesticide was decreased from NT$ 869/ha of check farmers to NT$ 599/ha of demonstration farmers. The net income on the sex-pheromone demonstration farmers was about 15.7% higher than that of the check farmers.