- 期刊
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應用鐵粉披衣稻種的水稻湛水直播之研究
Comparative Study of Seeds Coated with Iron Powder in Wet Direct Seeding of Rice System
摘要
水稻是臺灣最重要的糧食作物，近年來因勞力缺乏，導致秧苗漲價與供應不足。水稻直播栽培方式省去育苗階段，可改善育苗中心勞力缺乏問題，並降低種苗成本，提高經濟效益，惟水稻直播栽培容易遭遇之問題包括初期發芽不穩定、鳥類啄食與後期倒伏風險。故本研究擬分別針對品種篩選、稻種包覆鐵粉與栽培管理效益進行比較。試驗結果顯示，台中秈10號相較於其他推廣品種，具有初期發芽速率快與初期生長勢強的優點，適合用於直播栽培；稻種披覆鐵粉後，發芽速度與最終出土率皆受抑制，且以預浸時間2日與3日者抑制狀況更加顯著，因此可決定預先浸潤時間為0.5～1日較佳；田間試驗方面，直播水稻的產量高於插秧栽培者，原因為單位面積穗數的增加；品質方面無顯著差異；成本效益評估方面，直播栽培若使用臺灣鐵粉，種苗成本可較慣行插秧者節約50%左右，但若使用日本鐵粉美人則無節約效益；田間成本方面，直播栽培可能增加除草劑施用次數；經評估產量與產值後，直播水稻的整體效益較慣行插秧高。總合以上，直播水稻具有省工與增加收益的優點，然而仍需考慮天災、病蟲害、微氣候、土壤性質、雜草相等，未來應更進一步優化各項細節，以達到兼具省工、高效的智慧化栽培系統。
並列摘要
Rice is the staple food crop in Taiwan. Recently, labor shortage has resulted in increased price of rice seedling. Rice direct-seeding system (DSS) could bypass the stage of rice seedling production and improve the problem of lack of labor. Decreasing of labor cost could save the cost of total management and promote the net income. However, rice DSS would encounter unstable seed germination, bird pecking and lodging. We intended to solve the problems by variety selection, seeds coated with iron powder and irrigation management. Rice variety ＂TCS10＂ has the advantages of rapid germination and good seedling biomass, and could be the proper variety for DSS. Seed emergence speed and rate were both inhibited by iron coating, especially in seeds with 2 and 3 days pre-soaking. Therefore, pre-soaking time should be 0.5-1 day. In the field, grain yield of DSS was higher than conventional transplanting system (TPS) due to increased panicle number per hectare. There was no significant difference between DSS and TPS in grain quality. For the aspect of cost-benefit assessment, seeds of DSS with Taiwanese iron powder coating could save 50% cost in the seedling stage. However, there was no superiority on cost in terms of coating with Japanese iron powder. In the field, DSS would increase the cost of weed managements. To consider the grain production and price, DSS had the economic benefit. Overall, DSS has the advantages of labor-saving and farmer net income. To develop the perfect DSS system, we should consider natural disasters, pests, microclimate, soil traits and weed types, and improve the corresponding details of management.