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李品種生育性狀與染色體倍體數分析
Growth pattern investigation and ploidy analysis of plum cultivars
摘要
李為薔薇科（Rosaceae）李屬（Prunus L.）溫帶果樹，臺灣李品種缺乏新穎性，且近年受到環境氣候逆境影響，導致開花結果量下降，因此產業亟需具有耐環境逆境及優良果實品質之新品種。本研究分析臺灣李品種之植株生育性狀與染色體倍數，探討品種之間遺傳歧異性，以作為雜交選育之親本選擇參考。研究結果顯示8個受測品種之開花期間介於1月中旬至2月上旬，果實採收時間則為5月中旬至6月中旬，其中白玉李開花（1月14日）及採收時間（5月19日）皆為最早之品種，血筋李之開花時間（2月11日）及採收時間（6月16日）則皆為最晚，顯示對於李冬季休眠所需之低溫時數與開花時間，晚開花品種也會遞延果實成熟時間。紅肉李的果實重量最大（56.4g），果皮及果肉色澤皆為紅色，可溶性固形物含量亦高（10.7°Brix），黃柑李及彩色李則有特殊之果實色澤。使用流式細胞儀分析25個李品種之染色體倍體數，以泰安李為二倍體基準，紅肉李、白玉李及泰安李等12個品種被評估為二倍體，其餘13個品種為非整倍體。後續可依據本研究調查之品種性狀及染色體倍體數，選擇符合低需冷性或高果實品質等育種目標之親本，亦可避免染色體倍體數不同而產生雜交障礙。
並列摘要
Plum is a temperate fruit tree of Prunus L. of Rosaceae. Taiwanese plum cultivars are deficient in superior fruit quality, and the blossoming and fruiting decreased in the adversity of environmental climate in recent years. Therefore, a new variety with resistance to environmental stress and superior fruit quality is needed. In this study, the growth pattern and chromosome ploidy of Taiwanese plum cultivars were analyzed, and the genetic divergence among the cultivars was discussed. The result shows that the blooming period of eight plum cultivars was from mid-January to mid-February, and the fruit harvest time was from mid-May to mid-June. Among the eight plum cultivars, 'Bai Yu Li' is the one having the earliest blossoming (January 14) and harvest time (May 19), whereas, 'Xie Jin Li' has the latest blossoming time (February 11) and harvest time (June 16), which means that the low temperature hours for winter dormancy of plums are related to the time of blossoming and fruit ripening time. 'Hong Rou Li' has the heaviest fruit weight (56.4 g), with the peel and pulp being red, and a high total soluble solid content (10.7°Brix). 'Huang Gan Li' and 'Cai Se Li' have special fruit colors. The chromosome ploidy of 25 plum cultivars was analyzed by using flow cytometry. 12 cultivars, including 'Hong Rou Li', 'Bai Yu Li', and 'Tai An Li', were classified as diploid, and the remaining 13 cultivars were classified as aneuploid. In the future, the parent matching the breeding objective of low chilling requirement or high fruit quality can be selected according to the various traits and chromosome ploidy found in this study. It can prevent the crossing barrier resulting from different chromosome ploidies.