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友善資材及化學藥劑對捕食性天敵基徵草蛉（脈翅目：草蛉科）之影響
Effects of eco-friendly materials and chemical pesticides on predatory lacewing Mallada basalis (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae)
摘要
為增進友善資材、化學藥劑與天敵昆蟲共同防治之成效，加速落實害物整合管理（Integrated Pest Management），本研究探討捕食性天敵基徵草蛉（Mallada basalis（Walker））幼蟲對友善資材與化學藥劑之感受性，針對柑橘精油、苦參鹼、苦楝油及脂肪酸鉀鹽等4種友善資材進行接觸毒性與忌避性室內試驗。化學藥劑則針對茄科作物常用之殺蟲劑、殺蟎劑及殺菌劑進行室內接觸毒性測試，篩選出5種殺蟲劑（納乃得、亞滅培、益達胺、達特南、賽速安）、1種殺蟎劑氟芬隆與1種殺菌劑可濕性硫磺進行半田間殘留毒性試驗，並依國際生物防治組織（International Organization for Biological Control, IOBC）制定之分級為毒性依據。友善資材之室內接觸毒性與忌避試驗結果顯示，4種友善資材不論接觸毒性或忌避草蛉效果，皆與對照組無顯著差異，初步認定可與基徵草蛉共同防治使用。半田間殘留毒性試驗結果顯示，達特南殘留毒性最高，於施藥後7天仍有28.3%之致死率，為2級輕毒性，建議在施藥後14天再施放草蛉進行共同防治。納乃得和賽速安在施藥後1天、亞滅培與益達胺則在施藥後第7天呈1級無毒性，建議於各藥劑呈1級無毒性後再行施放草蛉幼蟲。
並列摘要
To improve the compatibility of eco-friendly materials, chemical pesticides and natural enemies as well as accelerate the implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), the susceptibility of predator green lacewing Mallada basalis Walker larvae to eco-friendly materials and chemical pesticides were tested. We evaluated the contact toxicity and behavioral sublethal response of 4 eco-friendly materials, i.e., citrus essential oil, matrine, neem oil and potassium salt of fatty acid. The chemical pesticides commonly used on tomato were first evaluated by contact toxicity, and 5 insecticides (methomyl, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam), 1 acaricide (flufenoxuron) and 1 fungicide (sulfur) were selected for further residual toxicity test. The toxicity of chemical pesticides was referred to the toxicity categories of IOBC (International Organization for Biological Control) guidelines. There was no significant difference between all eco-friendly materials and the control group in both contact toxicity and behavioral bioassays, and all eco-friendly materials are compatible with the M. basalis. In the semi-field trial, the highest residual toxicity tested was dinotefuran, which still had 28.3% mortality at 7 DAT, the persist toxicity was subsided to categorize of 1, methomyl and thiamethoxam were subsided after 1-day, acetamiprid and imidacloprid were subsided after 7-day respectively. We suggest M. basalis larvae should not be released until the mortality fulfill the IOBC class 1 level, harmless ( < 30%).