摘要
台灣地區梨於2003年栽培約8,779公頃，較10年（1994年）前10,494公頃面積逐漸減少，目前國內對梨營養與肥培管理等相關研究資料較少，因此，資料大多引用國外及大陸資料，其中以日本之資料引用最多。果農肥培管理都參考溫帶梨資料，因高海拔梨栽培地區之氣候、環境與低海拔不同，常發生肥培管理等諸多問題。依梨果樹生理及營養需求，進行適量、適時、適法及於適當位置施肥。溫帶梨果樹施肥方法，基肥於休眠期以開溝條施或穴施，生育期分二至四次施追肥，採用撒施，施少量肥料補充養分；高接梨於嫁接前1至2個月（10∼11月間）施基肥，追肥與溫帶梨相同。台灣地區梨栽培每公頃種植約300棵左右，肥料量依梨樹結果及營養生長需求而異。作物施肥手冊推薦以15年生梨樹為例，三要素肥料推薦用量氮素830公克／株／年（249公斤／公頃），磷酐500公克／株／年（150公斤／公頃），氧化鉀640公克／株／年（192公斤／公頃），高海拔地區溫帶梨施肥時期及分配率分別在落葉後（基肥）施氮肥60%、磷肥100%、鉀肥60%，疏果期施氮肥10%、鉀肥10%，果實肥大期（分二至四次）施氮肥20%，鉀肥20%，採收後施禮肥（氮肥10%、鉀肥10%）。低海拔地區之橫山梨高接，基肥在前一年嫁接前1至2個月（10∼11月間）施氮肥40%、磷肥100%、鉀肥40%，追肥於萌芽前及幼果期（分一至二次）施氮肥30%、鉀肥10%，果實肥大期施氮肥20%、鉀肥40%，果實採收施後禮肥，施氮肥10%、鉀肥10%。調查目前農家梨樹施肥量，橫山梨高接之平均三要素用量為氮素1,026公克／株／年（308公斤／公頃）、磷酐657公克／株／年（197公斤／公頃）、氧化鉀683公克／株／年（205公斤／公頃），均較推薦用量增加氮素1.24倍、磷酐1.31倍及氧化鉀1.07倍用量；溫帶梨肥料用量氮素1,217公克／株／年（365公斤／公頃），磷酐847公克／株／年（254公斤／公頃），氧化鉀1,260公克／株／年（378公斤／公頃），較推薦用量氮素增加1.46倍，磷酐1.69倍，氧化鉀1.99倍用量。梨果園均有施肥過量的現象，建議果農應要合理施肥，依各果園土壤肥力狀況及營養需求量，參考施肥記錄與環境、氣候、病蟲害發生情形，增加或減少肥料用量。
並列摘要
In Taiwan, pear cultured area are 8,779ha in 2003 recorded and less than ten years ago (10,494ha). The problem of pear culture is few data of plant nutrient content and fertilizer management. Most data is collected from foreign country, mainly Mainland China and Japan. So pear farmer's fertilizer management was refer to temperate zone pear culture method, but decided on the high and low elevation climate and environment different let many problem happen on fertilizer management. Depend on pear tree physiology and nutrient demand to research fitting and proper fertilizer apply method. In our research and data collected, the fertilizer applied on temper ate zone pear were: basal fertilizer apply in ditch and hole on dormant stage. Add 2-4 times fertilizer use in growth stage with spray method. Graft pear before graft 1-2 month (Oct-Nov) applied basel fertilizer and add fertilizer method same temperate zone pear. In Taiwan each hectare planted 300 trunk of pear tree, fertilizer use depend on pear's reproduction and nutrient growth. The handbook of fertilizer apply method give an example of 15 years old pear tree. The major nutrient element for use were N 830 g/tree/yr (249 kg/ha), P2O4 500 g/tree/yr (150 kg/ha), K2O 683 g/tree/yr (192 kg/ha). The temperate zone pear cultured on high above level sea area fertilizer apply time at leaf fall (basal fertilizer) N 60%, P 100%, K60%, young fruit stage apply N 10%, K10%. Fruit growth stage (2-4 times) apply N 20%, K 20%, after harvest apply N 10%, K 10%. Low above sea level area pear fertilizer apply before graft 1-2 months use N 4%, P100%, K40%. Add fertilizer at pre-leaf bud germinate stage and young fruit growth stage one and twice of N 30%, K10%, fruit growth stage N 20%, K40%. After fruit harvest, add fertilizer N 30%, K 10%. To investigated farmer's usual practice on pear fertilizer management, graft pear N 1,026 g/tree/yr (308 kg/ha), P2O5 657 g/tree/yr (197 kg/ha), and K2O 683 g/tree/yr (205 kg/ha). Compare to hand book N increase 1.24 multiple, P increase 1.31 multiple and K2O 1.07 multiple fertilizer quantity. On temperate zone pear fertilizer apply, N 1,217 g/tree/yr (365 kg/ha), P2O5 847 g/tree/yr (254 kg/ha), K2O 1,260 g/tree/yr (378 kg/ha), compare to hand book N increase 1.46 multiple, P increase 1.69 multiple and K 1.99 multiple. From our investigation, pear orchard all have the problem of fertilizing to much. We suggest before applying fertilizer, farmers must consider the condition of pear orchard soil fertilizer content, nutrient content in plant, fertilizing record, changes of environment climate, and pest control to decide whether increase or decrease fertilizer.