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微生物肥料在作物生長的作用機制
Mechanisms in Crop Growth Promotion of Microbial Fertilizers
摘要
微生物肥料係指其成分含具有活性微生物或休眠孢子，如細菌（含放線菌類）、真菌、藻類及其代謝產物之特定製劑，應用於作物生產具有提供植物養分或促進養分利用等功效之微生物物品。微生物肥料在作物生長的作用機制主要是應用在根圈微生物的活體之作用，以提供作物營養分來源、增進土壤營養狀況或改良土壤之理化、生物性質，藉以增加作物產量及品質者。土壤有益微生物的種類甚多，常被利用的主要是包括細菌、真菌、放線菌及藍綠藻等4大類。根圈微生物的作用機制包括植物營養的直接固氮菌的作用及間接溶解菌的作用供應的養分、增加作物與根部生長及吸收的作用、增進有機質分解及轉化的作用、增進作物抗逆境能力的作用、防止土壤及營養流失的作用、增加作物抗病的作用等。
並列摘要
Microbial fertilizer means the active ingredients containing microorganisms or dormant spores, such as bacteria (including actinomycetes), fungi, algae and their metabolites, to provide plant nutrients for crop production or to facilitate the effectiveness of nutrient utilization. Mechanisms in crop growth promotion of microbial fertilizers were mainly applied in the role of rhizosphere microorganisms in order to provide the source of crop nutrients, enhance soil nutrient status of the soil or improve soil physical and chemical, biological properties for increasing crop yield and quality. Many types of beneficial soil microbes, often use the main microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and blue-green algae. Mechanisms in crop growth promotion of rhizosphere microorganisms were including the roles in the direct nitrogen-fixation, and indirect dissolving nutrients, the increasing in crop root growth and absorption effects, the enhancement in the role of organic matter decomposition and transformation, the enhancement in the crop resistance to stress, the increasing in the role of the ability to prevent soil and nutrient loss effects, and the increasing in the role of disease-resistant for crops.