- 期刊
- OpenAccess
臺灣葡萄產期調節技術發展歷程與進展
The Developmental Course and Progress of Grape Off-season Regulation Techniques in Taiwan
摘要
臺灣葡萄104年栽培面積2,956公頃，產量85,435公噸，年產值51億1,583萬元， 最主要栽培品種為‘巨峰’。葡萄屬於花芽分化較容易之果樹，在一年之間可多次花芽分化並完成生產果實。臺灣在60年代即利用獨特氣候環境與地理條件，配合修剪和催芽等技術，成功開發出一年三收生產模式。其後並持續投入包括葡萄休眠、花芽分化、果實發育等生理基礎研究；並開發催芽、枝梢生育調控、應用植物生長調節物質及電照 等各項技術，因此得以在不同產地因地制宜發展出不同的產期調節模式，使得臺灣葡萄幾乎達到周年生產。目前最普遍的栽培模式分別在6-7月生產夏果及12-1月生產冬果之一年二收模式。一年一收栽培模式則有生產7-8月之夏果、9-10月之秋果及利用溫室設施栽培生產4-5月春果等多種模式。產期調節技術可以調節產期，紓解盛產期之市場壓力，使葡萄成為高產值果樹。但由於臺灣農業生產面臨農民結構改變、貿易自由化及氣候變遷等因素之衝擊，今後葡萄產期調節生產必須先具備因應氣候變遷風險的管理意識與能力，再強化育種策略、開發更省工及易操作機具及技術、整合病蟲害管理與建立監測系統，並將葡萄的栽培管理模式重新研析，以穩定產期調節技術及控制葡萄生產品質，促進產業永續發展。
並列摘要
The planted area and yield of grape in Taiwan were 2,956 hectares and 85,435 tons with total value of 5.11 billion NT dollars in 2015. Among them, 'Kyoho' was the major cultivar. The flower bud differentiation in grape is easier than the other fruit trees that can produce multiple crops in one year. Integrating unique climatic environment, geographic conditions, and cultivated techniques such as pruning and bud-forcing, the ＂three-crops-one-year＂ model was successfully developed in Taiwan during 1970's. Basic physiological studies including bud dormancy, bunch differentiation and berry development were also conducted later on. In addition, bud-forcing, shoot growth control, plant growth regulation substance (PGRs) and lighting method were developed to create different models of off-season regulation production in different areas that making grape production almost year-round. The most popular production model at present is ＂two-crops-one-year＂ in which summer and winter crop were harvested from June to July and December to January, respectively. There are three various models for ＂one-crop-one-year＂ production including summer crop during July to August, autumn crop during September to October, and spring crop during April to May under PE-housing. With these off-season regulation productions, it can decrease market pressure and make grape as a high valued fruit. However, in copping with structural transform of farmers, trade liberalization and climate change, grape regulation techniques should be equipped with the awareness and ability to risk management. Furthermore, strengthening its breeding strategies, developing laborious saving and easy operating equipment, establishing monitoring and integrating pest and disease management system are also necessary. Finally, it is also important to analyze the cultivated management model of grape for stabilizing its regulation techniques and production quality. It hops to promote sustainable development of grape industry.