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百年品種吉野1號之前世今生與多元利用
Development and Multiple Utilization of the Rice Variety Yoshino No. 1
摘要
水稻品種‘吉野1號’是臺灣最早發展成功種植的稉型品種之一，更是在臺灣稉稻栽培史上唯一能傳承超過百年，至今仍有農友實際種植，消費者也還買的到的老品種。花蓮區農業改良場（以下簡稱花蓮場）長期進行保種工作，也曾經特別針對‘吉野1號’進行品種純化，並提供給地方有興趣栽培之農友種植，使本品種能持續延續。地方上耆老流傳有關‘吉野1號’是日本移民青木繁由故鄉帶來試種改良而來，是曾進獻給日本天皇的天皇米，但其中細節皆不清楚。花蓮場為了進一步了解‘吉野1號’的前世今生，特別委託歷史學者范雅鈞博士協助，並成立專案小組深入發掘相關史料及訪查地方耆老，找出許多‘吉野1號’不為現在所知的有趣史料，並集結出版「吉野1號米」一書。本文將介紹‘吉野1號’之相關新發現，包括探討‘吉野1號’之來歷；‘吉野1號’在日據時代花蓮曾有三次進獻日本天皇紀錄，其中1928年第1次獻穀田的位置竟就在花蓮場現在的水稻試驗田；臺灣光復後‘吉野1號’成為花蓮地區的稻米珍品，曾多次獻給當時總統；‘吉野1號’也被作為水稻育種材料，其中水稻台農67號即含有‘吉野1號’之遺傳背景，以至於許多臺灣水稻栽培史中有名之重要品種皆具有‘吉野1號’之親緣。‘吉野1號’曾於日據時代當時專賣局評為最適合釀製清酒之原料，並成為當時有名清酒瑞光與凱旋之主要原料。本文也確認‘吉野1號’是純日本品種，未與臺灣在地Indica type品種雜交。本文主要根據花蓮場出版之「吉野1號米」專書為依據，介紹花蓮場發掘出來之‘吉野1號’新史料，並對部分細節再深入探討，也將介紹‘吉野1號’米近年來的利用情形，包括吉安農會之特色小包裝產品，花蓮場研發‘吉野1號’甘酒製作技術及相關產品，另外也發展成有品牌及特色之清酒或燒酎產品。希望藉本文能讓各界對的發展與變遷有更深入與完整的了解。
並列摘要
The rice variety "Yoshino No. 1" is one of the earliest successful Japonica rice varieties developed and cultivated in Taiwan for over a hundred years and is still actively cultivated by farmers and available to consumers. The Hualien Station has been actively involved in seed preservation work and has specifically focused on purifying the "Yoshino No. 1" variety, providing it to local farmers interested in cultivation, ensuring the continuous existence of this variety. According to local elders, it is believed that "Yoshino No. 1" was brought to Taiwan and improved by Japanese immigrant Aoki Shigeru. It was also known as the Emperor's rice, offered as a tribute to the Emperor of Japan, although the details are unclear. To further understand the history of "Yoshino No. 1," the Hualien Station commissioned Dr. Fan Ya- Jiun, a historian, to assist in the research and established a project team to explore relevant historical records and interview local elders. Many interesting historical materials about "Yoshino No. 1" that were previously unknown were discovered, and these findings were compiled and published in the book "Yoshino No. 1 Rice." This article will introduce the new discoveries related to "Yoshino No. 1," including finding the Japanese-era household registration data of the Aoki family, who brought "Yoshino No. 1" to Taiwan, and exploring the origin of "Yoshino No. 1." It will also discuss the records of three instances when "Yoshino No. 1" was offered as tribute rice to the Emperor of Japan during the Japanese colonial era, with the surprising revelation that the first tribute field in 1928 was located in the rice experimental field of the Hualien Station. After Taiwan's retrocession, "Yoshino No. 1" became a precious rice variety in the Hualien area, highly sought after by private rice mills and favored by affluent consumers or used for gifting, and it was even presented to the President at that time. "Yoshino No. 1" has also been used as breeding material for rice varieties, and the genetic background of "Yoshino No. 1" can be found in many important rice varieties in Taiwan, such as Tainung 67. It was also highly regarded as a raw material for making sake during the Japanese colonial era and served as the main ingredient in famous sake brands such as Zuiko and Kaisen. It has been confirmed that "Yoshino No. 1" is a pure Japanese variety and did not crossbreed with local Indica rice varieties in Taiwan. This article is mainly based on the book "Yoshino No. 1 Rice" published by the Hualien Station, introducing newly discovered historical materials about Yoshino No. 1. It delves deeper into certain details mentioned in the book and also discusses the recent utilization of Yoshino No. 1 rice.