- 期刊
台灣民眾交通事故之特性與健保醫療費用分析
Exploring the Characteristics of Traffic Accidents in Taiwan and Related National Health Insurance Medical Expenses
摘要
目的：因交通事故產生的經濟損失龐大，卻難以準確地估計相關醫療費用。本研究旨在描述台灣發生交通事故的事故民眾特性與事故民眾（含駕駛、乘客、行人、或其他）之健保醫療費用，並比較酒駕事故的特性與醫療費用異同。方法：本研究利用台灣「交通事故檔」建立2016/7/1至12/31期間，因發生機動車輛交通事故來定義全體車禍民眾組（n=301,532人），並從中擷取酒駕車禍駕駛組（n=2,771人），分析人口學與受傷特性等，同時利用全民健保資料，分析車禍後7日因傷害就醫者一年內的健保醫療費用。結果：主要發生車禍為18-29歲族群，但酒駕車禍以30-64歲駕駛為主。全體車禍主要在都會區，而酒駕車禍大多發生在郊區，酒駕駕駛的健保投保金額也比全體車禍組民眾低，且依附投保比例較高。7日內有就醫全體車禍組民眾一年內的健保花費為17億元新台幣（平均每人為13.2仟元），而酒駕車禍駕駛則為3.8千萬元（平均每位酒駕駕駛30.3仟元）。結論：本研究實證數據顯示，全體車禍民眾與酒駕車禍駕駛的特性不同，且酒駕駕駛車禍受傷一年內就醫平均費用比全體車禍民眾高出許多。本研究指出全體交通事故與酒駕交通事故特性上的差異，未來可針對其特性研擬個別的交通事故防治介入策略。
並列摘要
Objective: Traffic accidents result in substantial economic losses, yet it is difficult to accurately estimate the related medical expenses. This study aims to describe the characteristics of victims involved in traffic road accidents in Taiwan and the related National Health Insurance (NHI) medical expenses (including for drivers, passengers, pedestrians, or others), and to compare such information with the characteristics and medical expenses of drunk driving accident victims to find similarities and differences. Methods: For this study, the Taiwan Police-reported Traffic Accident Registry (PTAR) was used to establish the total number of victims from traffic accidents (n=301,532 people) defined as motor vehicle traffic accidents from July 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016. A subset of victims from drunk driving accidents (n=2,771) was isolated to examine its demographics and injury characteristics. NHI data was analyzed to study the medical expenses of individuals who sought medical treatment for related injuries within 7 days of a motor vehicle accident over a one-year period. Results: Traffic road accidents mainly occurred among people aged 18-29, but drunk driving accidents were mainly caused by drivers aged 30-64. Urban areas saw the majority of traffic road accidents, with suburban areas being the primary location for drunk driving accidents. The NHI amount covered for drunk driving drivers was also lower than that of all traffic road accident victims, and the proportion of dependent coverage was higher. The NHI expenditure for all the victims from traffic road accidents who received medical treatment within 7 days was NT$1.7 billion in one year (an average of NT$13,200 per person), while for drunk driving accidents the total expenditure was NT$38 million (an average of NT$30,300 per drunk driver). Conclusions: Empirical data from this study showed that the characteristics of victims from traffic road accidents and drunk driving accidents are different, and the average cost of medical treatment within one year after being injured in a drunk driving accident is much higher than that of all traffic road accident victims. Through this study, the differences in the characteristics of all traffic accidents and drunk driving accidents have been pointed out. In the future, traffic accident prevention and intervention strategies can be developed based on their respective characteristics.