This paper develops an algorithm for the optimization design of dispersion control charts. The control chart statistics are based on sample range (R) and sample standard deviation (S). The design optimizes the sample size, sampling interval, and control limits to minimize the mean number of defective units (MD) produced per out-of-control case. The design aims at reducing the quality cost but only requires limited number of process specifications. It provides the control chart designers with an alternative between the conventional statistical design and economic design for statistical process control. The specific character of this design is that the process shifts is treated as a random variable instead of traditional fixed and known magnitude. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the real application of the MD design of dispersion control charts and its comparison with Shewhart control chart.