- 期刊
- OpenAccess
Review of Hollow Cathode Discharge: Exploring Advanced Design and Optimization
摘要
Electric propulsion has seen significant development over the years, resulting in its popularity due to its expanded capabilities in satellite constellation management and orbital transfer vehicles. Hollow cathodes have become an extensively utilized source of electrons for propellant ionization and ion beam neutralization in electric propulsion systems. This paper reviews the hollow cathode discharge and the recent advancements and progress in hollow cathode technology to highlight the key areas that require further research. The classic hollow cathode design, which features an external heater and has been widely used in flight programs, is discussed, followed by a focus on heaterless hollow cathodes, which have recently gained publicity. The critical aspects of low-current and high-current hollow cathode operation, including the emitter material and self-heating mechanisms, are highlighted in this review, each facing unique challenges. Future challenges for hollow cathodes involve creating chemically stable, long-lasting materials with low work function, optimizing the design to reduce ion yield and erosion, and ongoing modeling of cathode operation and plasma instabilities.