- 期刊
經典教育的實踐與反思－以《史記．李斯列傳》為例
Practice and Reflection on Classic Education: A Case Study of Li Si (李斯)
摘要
近年來，為了提升通識教育的重要性，各大學陸續提出經典教育的概念，希望透過經典教育的訓練，提升學生的思考能力與判斷力。然而，受限於學生的古文閱讀能力不足，學生往往排斥以文言文為主的經典，視閱讀經典為畏途。筆者於上學年開始參與任教學校之經典教育，如何讓不熟古文、排斥歷史的學生，從排斥到接受，進而欣賞閱讀經典，便成為教學上最大的考驗。為了落實經典教育，引起學生的共鳴，故本文將以著名的《史記．李斯列傳》為例，介紹李斯的生平與功過。透過經典的記載，學生可以從兩方面理解李斯：一為「戰國時代的李斯」，一為「秦帝國時代的李斯」。在戰國時期，李斯如何發展自己的能力，並找到可以發揮理想與野心的舞台，將是本文要論述的一大課題。其次，功成名就後，李斯卻落得腰斬於市、宗族夷滅的下場，「成也秦敗也秦」可以說是李斯的最佳寫照。本文除了介紹李斯的生平外，也聚焦於現代社會與歷史經典之間的連結。透過傳文，一方面引導學生從中耙梳出李斯成功與失敗的關鍵，另一方面則是啟發學生的思考能力，思索上述關鍵在現代生活中是否有類似的狀況，並以當代成功企業家為佐證，促使學生反思、改變自身的態度與想法，從中學習到如何追求自己的理想，如何為未來的發展加分。透過經典、透過歷史與現代之間的連結，幫學生找到未來的人生目標與發展契機。
並列摘要
I n order to enhance the importance of general education, universities have recently proposed the concept of classic education, hoping to enhance students' thinking ability and judgment through the training of classic education. However, due to the students' inability to read classical Chinese, students often reject and fear classics written in classical Chinese. The author began to participate in the classic education in the previous semester. How to make students appreciate classics is the biggest challenge in classics teaching. In order to implement the classic education that resonates with the students, this study introduced the life and merits of Li Si as an example. Through reading the classic records, students can understand Li Si from two aspects: one is Li Si in the Warring States period, and the other is Li Si in the Qin Empire era. During the Warring States period, how Li Si developed his own abilities and found a stage where he could embody his ideals and ambitions. After he succeeded and became famous, Li Si ended up got himself chopped into two pieces from the waist and his clan wiped out. Li Si achieved his fame and failed because of Qin. In addition to introducing Li Si's life, this study focused on the connection between modern society and historical classics. Reading biographs guides students to find the key to the success and failure of Li Si and inspires them to think whether the key corresponds to a similar situation in modern life. Successful contemporary entrepreneurs were introduced as references to encourage students to reflect on and change their attitudes and ideas, learn how to pursue their own ideals, and how to add value to their future development. Through the classics and the link between history and modern life, students can find future life goals and development opportunities.