李贄時文觀點研究：以《說書》及「童心說」為中心

李贄是明代萬曆年間特殊的思想家與代表人物，他對於經義文（八股文）不但有別緻的觀點，也有專門著作。前者，例如他以「童心說」標榜當代經義文足以為「天下之至文」；至於後者，他曾編寫了《說書》兩卷，標榜為「一生學問所寄也」。透過此題的研究，本論文指出其經義思想內容上，主要係受陽明心學理念所影響，又兼涉了儒釋義理之交融。至於其書寫形式上，仍與一般時文股對格局無別，只是帶進了更多「借題發揮」的作法。相較於以復古為主流的明末經義，李贄的經義觀點別樹一幟，且因其「異端」被迫汩沒於歷史之下，如何考掘出他對於經義的看法與書寫，對於明代時文史具有重要的意義。

關鍵字

李贄；八股文；童心說

並列摘要

Li-Zhi (李贄) was a celebrated heretical thinker in the Late-Ming Dynasty. He has a unique perspective on Eight-legged Essay (八股文) and wrote some related works. About the perspective, for example, he used ＂theory about childlike innocence＂ (童心說) to make sure that Eight-legged Essay can be the best literary genre in the world at the time. As for the works, he once wrote ＂Shuo-shu＂ (說書), which was regarded as his most important masterpiece of his life. Through the collation of relevant literature, this paper attempts to point out that the ideas in his works are mainly influenced by Wang Yang-ming's Theory of Conscientiousness (陽明心學) and mixed with Buddhism. As for the form of writing, in fact, there is no difference between his practice of the Eightlegged Essay and others' works; however, he often borrowed the famous sentences from the classics to reveal the ideas in themself. Li-Zhi's view of the literary genre of Eightlegged Essays was extremely unique in the late Ming Dynasty, especially in contrast to other works that mimicked ancient times. Unfortunately, these achievements of Li-Zhi have been forgotten or ignored by history, only because his thoughts have been judged by the government as violating moral laws. How to rediscover his works and opinions on Eight-legged Essay is of great significance to the study of the Eight-legged Essay of the Ming Dynasty.