亞爾薩斯人以及洛林人的認同

National Identity of the Alsatians and Lorrainians

施正鋒(Cheng-Feng SHIH)

《文化實踐與社會變遷》 4期 (2021/12) Pp. 13-53

摘要

我們先將探討民族認同產生的理論，也就是原生論與建構論，或是文化民族與政治民族的差別。接著探討亞爾薩斯及洛林兩地由羅馬帝國、法國大革命、普法戰爭到二次大戰後的歷史發展。再來檢視法國在普法戰爭後割讓兩地，德國如何從事同化工作。兩地在一次大戰結束後重歸法國，又面對再整合的措施，包括語言同化、教育整頓、人口分類。納粹德國在二次大戰期間占領兩地，著手語言文化的日耳曼化，嚴格進行去法蘭西化。二次大戰結束，兩地的百姓除了要面對政治肅清，還要接受語言文化的再整合，認同選擇依違族群認同、語言認同、地方認同、民族認同及歐洲認同。

關鍵字

亞爾薩斯人 ； 洛林人 ； 民族認同

並列摘要

We shall begin with a review of the relevant literature on national identity, with a special focus on the dichotomy of primordialism vs. constructivism, and that of cultural nation vs. political nation. We then examine the historical development of Alsace-Lorraine from the Roman Empire, the French Revolution, the Franco-Prussian War, through World War II. In the following, we look into how the Second German Empire undertook assimilation in the newly acquired territories. After World War I, Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France, and the Alsatians and the Lorrainians had to accommodate themselves to practices of reintegration, including linguistic assimilation and educational rectifications. During World War II, Nazi Germany retook the lands and enforces linguistic-cultural Germanisation and de-Frenchification. After the War, residents of Alsace-Lorraine have yet to face reintegration again in addition to political purges, which renders their identity choice dangling from ethnic, linguistic, regional, national, to European one.

並列關鍵字

Alsatians ； Lorrainians ； national identity