- 期刊
職場危害因子容許暴露標準增修建議
Amendment Recommendation for Workplace Hazardous Agents' Permissible Exposure Limits
摘要
為保護勞工免於工作環境中過度暴露於各種的危害因子，許多國家制定有勞工作業環境中危害因子的容許暴露標準（Permissible exposure limit, PEL）。勞動部勞動及職業安全衛生研究所（簡稱勞安所）比較各國勞工作業環境中危害因子的容許暴露標準，並參考各國運作方式，蒐集資料並回顧文獻。2022年及2023年勞安所完成我國職場中甲苯、甲醛、鋁、結晶型游離二氧化矽等4種危害因子之容許暴露標準建議值（Recommended exposure limit, REL）文件，作為勞動部審議我國容許暴露標準之學理依據與參考。甲苯暴露主要造成神經毒性及生殖毒性，考量國內作業現況，建議我國8小時日時量平均暴露容許濃度由原先100 ppm調降為20 ppm。職場甲醛短時間時量平均容許濃度（Short term exposure limit, STEL）建議值為0.3 ppm，可預防於作業環境中需暴露於甲醛而可能引發的上呼吸道和眼睛刺激及鼻咽癌及骨髓性白血病，並建議授予「瘤」字註記於甲醛之REL，提醒其為確認的人類致癌物。職業性長期暴露於鋁可引發神經功能缺損。因此，提出1 mg Al/m^3（REL-TWA，可呼吸性粉塵）作為職場容許暴露標準建議值。結晶型游離二氧化矽的暴露可導致矽肺症，且罹患矽肺症者之後發生肺癌的機率高，建議可呼吸性結晶型游離二氧化矽0.05 mg/m^3（α-石英、方矽石、鱗矽石合計）為工作環境中新的容許暴露標準。
並列摘要
In order to protect workers from exposure to hazardous agents in workplace, many countries in the world had set Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) to regulate hazardous agents in workplace. Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor (ILOSH) compared the Permissible Exposure Limits of hazardous agents in workplace of various countries and organizations, and followed the similar reviewing processes, reviewed working environment's hazardous agents. In 2022 and 2023 ILOSH completed 4 workplace hazardous agents', Toluene, Formaldehyde, Aluminum, Crystalline free silica, Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs) documentations drafted by experts of related fields. Accepted Recommended Exposure Limits are the references for Ministry of Labor to establish hazardous agents' Permissible Exposure Limits. Toluene exposure mainly causes neurotoxicity and reproductive toxicity. And consider the current domestic working environment, the exposure limits of toluene is recommended to be revised from 100 ppm to 20 ppm. The recommended value for the Short term exposure limit (STEL) of formaldehyde in the workplace is 0.3 ppm. It can prevent upper respiratory tract and eye irritation, nasopharyngeal cancer and myeloid leukemia that may be caused by exposure to formaldehyde in the working environment. It is also recommended a REL to grant with the "tumor" notation for formaldehyde to remind it to be a confirmed human carcinogen. Long-term occupational exposure to aluminum can cause neurological deficits. Therefore, 1 mg Al/m^3 (REL-TWA, respirable dust) is recommended for occupational exposure to aluminum. Exposure to crystalline free silica can lead to silicosis, and those who had silicosis have a high chance of developing lung cancer later. It is recommended that respirable crystalline free silica 0.05 mg/m^3 (α-quartz, cristobalite, tridymite combined total) is the new exposure limit in the working environment.