- 期刊
當前市售燕窩的摻偽
Current Adulteration of Commercially Available Edible Bird's Nests
摘要
燕窩（edible bird's nest）含有豐富的活性醣蛋白、蛋白質、醣類及維生素等多種營養素，常被當作養顏美容和養生的補品，但因產量少，常有販售假燕窩及摻偽等問題發生。本試驗之目的為調查市面上燕窩的摻偽情形，故隨機選購22件市售燕窩產品進行真偽檢測。本實驗以高效能液相層析儀及光二極體陣列偵測器（high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector, HPLC-PDA）測定燕窩中代表性成分甘露糖（mannose, Man）、鼠李糖（rhamnose, Rha）、半乳糖（galactose, Gal）、岩藻糖（fucose, Fuc）、N-葡萄糖胺（N-acetylglucosamine, GlcN）、N-半乳糖胺（N-acetylgalactosamine, GalN）、N-乙醯神經胺酸（N-acetylneuramic acid, NeuAc）及NeuAc/GalN比值，並以固形物含量與螢光反應輔助判定。結果指出所有測試的22件燕窩檢體中固形物含量介於0.02~79.62%之間，在螢光反應測試中，所有燕窩檢體均為陽性反應。指標成分Man的含量介於0.01~6.47%之間；GlcN含量介於0.02~6.64%之間；Rha含量介於0.06~1.43%之間；GalN含量介於0.02~3.79%之間；Gal含量介於0.02~4.93%之間；Fuc含量介於0.03~5.78%之間；NeuAc含量介於0.02~10.49%之間及NeuAc/GalN的濃度比值則介於0.05~36.93%之間。將這些得到的數值與行政院衛生署食品藥物管理局發表之「以醣類分析鑑別燕窩真偽」進行比對，發現22件市售燕窩產品中僅有10件（45.5%）符合真燕窩主成分之陳述。因此，建議消費者在購買燕窩時，應慎選經過正確檢測方法檢驗合格的產品。
並列摘要
The edible bird's nests (EBNs) is often used as a skincare and health supplement due to the rich active glycoproteins, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and other nutrients it contains. However, because of a low supply of EBNs and human greed, artificial products made of various adulterants are commonly sold on the market. The purpose of this study was to investigate the adulteration of EBNs currently on the market. To that end, 22 commercially available EBNs were purchased randomly for authentic testing. A high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) was used to determine the representative ingredients in the EBNs, including mannose (Man), rhamnose (Rha), galactose (Gal), fucose (Fuc), N-acetylglucosamine (GlcN), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalN), N-acetylneuramic acid (NeuAc), and NeuAc/GalN ratio, while auxiliary decisions were made by solids content and fluorescence testing. The results showed that the 22 EBN samples contained 0.02~79.62% solids and that all the sam ples had positive reactions to the fluorescence test. The contents of the index components ranged between 0.01~6.47% for Man, 0.02~6.64% for GlcN, 0.06~1.43% for Rha, 0.02~3.79% for GalN, 0.02~4.93% for Gal, 0.03~5.78% for Fuc, and 0.02~10.49% for NeuAc, while the NeuAc/GalN ratios ranged from 0.05 to 36.93%. These values were compared with those in the ＂Authentic Determination of Bird's Nests by Saccharides Profile＂ article published by the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (TFDA). These comparisons indicated that only ten of the samples (45.5%) fit the criteria for the identification of authentic EBNs. Therefore, when purchasing EBNs, customers are advised to choose products with a certificate of inspection using the correct detection method.