- 期刊
以聚合酶鏈鎖反應鑑別阿拉比卡豆種和加納福拉豆種
Differentiation of Coffea arabica from Coffea canephora by Polymerase Chain Reaction
摘要
咖啡豆為國際貿易上非常重要的進出口農作物，其中最大宗的咖啡豆品種為阿拉比卡種(Coffea arabica)和加納福拉種(Coffea canephora)，又稱羅布斯塔(Coffea robusta)。阿拉比卡豆因其品質、風味及價格皆優於加納福拉豆，故在國際咖啡貿易常有以加納福拉豆混充阿拉比卡豆之摻假案例發生。鑑於目前臺灣食品檢驗單位尚未建立阿拉比卡豆種及加納福拉豆種之分析方法，本研究室為服務消費者及避免市售產品或原物料供應廠商提供之咖啡豆標示正確性發生爭議，因此比較及評估四種聚合酶連鎖反應(polymerase chainreaction) 引子對：SSR124195，Coffea 1，RM-00-O18及P-AC進行阿拉比卡豆種及加納福拉生豆種的鑑別及摻混評估，結果指出(i) SSR124195及RM-00-O18兩組引子對雖可辨識個別生豆種，但無法分辨豆種的摻混；(ii) Coffea 1及P-AC兩組引子對可檢測生豆種的摻混，其中P-AC引子對鑑別豆種有較高的實用性及快速性；及(iii) 本研究之四組引子並不適合檢測已烘焙的咖啡豆。綜合上述，吾等認為本研究四種聚合酶鏈鎖反應的引子對可做為生咖啡豆種鑑別的有效工具。
並列摘要
Coffee bean is one of the most important cash crops on the international market. Amongst different coffee species, Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora (syn. Coffea robusta) are the most major species from the commercial standpoint. Coffea arabica accounts for 70% of world production and gives a superior aroma and flavor and is consequently sold at a price 2-3 times higher than Coffea canephora. Therefore, it is crucial economically to prove their authenticity. In light of a lack of analytical methods of these two beans currently in Taiwan, we set out to compare and evaluate four PCR primer sets: SSR124195, Coffea 1, RM-00-O18, and P-AC in distinguishing Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. Our results have indicated that (i) SSR124195 and RM-00-O18 primer sets can distinguish Coffea arabica from Coffea canephora but not adulteration in mixed coffee beans; (ii) Coffea 1 and P-AC primer sets can both be used to identify adulteration, but P-AC is more robust and faster than Coffea 1; and (iii) all four primer sets are not suitable in analyzing roasted coffee beans. In summary, we have found four primer sets that are useful in identifying unroasted arabica and canephora coffee beans in current coffee market of Taiwan.