- 期刊
臺灣西南沿海地層下陷區生態熱區與保育策略之探討
Ecological conservation strategies in subsidence areas on the southern coast of Taiwan
摘要
本研究結果顯示地層下陷及地表沖刷量在無補救措施情況下，提供小燕鷗繁殖的新塭滯洪池水中島將沉入水中而消失；四草野生動物保護區高蹺鴴繁殖區將演替成紅樹林區，其間的空水域則成為黑面琵鷺的夜棲點；七股鹽田停晒後，鳥類群聚已發生巨大改變，相對數量相似度不到10%；漚汪大排南北側的將軍鹽田，則因土地持續下陷，將來無法繼續提供小型水鳥棲息。建議對臺灣西南沿海地層下陷區的關注鳥類的生物多樣性與土地的適宜性，進行生態保育區與熱區的綜合性評估。評估項目包括1.棲息地是否地層下陷及其下陷趨勢，2.是否能自然感潮，3.繁殖季是否淹水，4.關注鳥類群聚密度，5.關注鳥類出現種類，6.鳥類往返覓食場與停棲點的距離，7.人為干擾程度，以及8.棲地復育與經營管理之難易度等因子。希望大家對濕地的現象與未來的經營管理能有更周延的考量。建議將停晒鹽田以每50至100 ha為一個經營管理單位，設置引水與排水的閘門或輔以抽水站，做為提高水鳥繁殖離巢率的工具；將數個單位組成一個保護區。最後，建議由政府可先依野生動物保育法第8條將這些生態熱區公告為野生動物重要棲息環境，再評定是否可進一步劃設為野生動物保護區。
並列摘要
This study assessed ecological hotspots and provided conservation suggestions to enhance the biodiversity of relevant birds and the suitability of the land in the stratum subsidence area of the southwest coast of Taiwan. The assessment items included the following: (1) presence of subsidence in the habitat and its trend, (2) whether there is a natural tide, (3) whether the breeding season is flooded, (4) the density of bird populations, (5) the frequency of various birds, (6) bird travel between foraging grounds and factors such as the distance of the stopping point, (7) degree of human interference and (8) the difficulty of habitat restoration and management. Furthermore, the results indicated that without remedial measures, the water island in the detention basin for the breeding of small terns would sink into the water, and the stilt plover breeding area in the Sihcao Wildlife Reserve would be transformed into a mangrove area. There mangrove gaps become to the nocturnal habitat of black-faced spoonbills. After Cigu salt pan was stop producing salts, the bird clusters have changed dramatically, with a similarity of less than 10%. The general salt pans on the north and south sides of Ouwang drain have continued to sink because of continuous stratum subsidence. Consequently, the area cannot continue to provide habitat for shorebirds. Water diversion and drainage gates should be set up or supplemented by pumping stations for every 50-100 hectares of salt pans to form a management unit. This may serve as a tool to increase the rate of breeding sites of waterbirds; several units should be combined into a protected area. Finally, the government may consider first declaring these ecological hotspots as important habitats for wildlife in accordance with Article 8 of the Wildlife Conservation Law and subsequently assess whether they can be further designated as wildlife reserves.